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‘버려진 돌’에서 ‘모퉁이 돌’로― 한국의 박에스더(金點童, 1877~1910)와 중국의 캉청(康成, 1873~1930) 비교 ―

“From Rejected Stone to Cornerstone”— A Comparative Study on Esther Kim Pak (金點童, 1877~1910) in Korea and Ida Kahn (康成, 1873~1930) in China —

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이화사학연구소 (Ewha Historical Institutions)|2021.06|이화사학연구 (EWHA SAHAK YEONGU)|제62호|pp. 113-162|DOI 10.37091/ewhist.2021..62.004

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참고문헌

키워드

Woman’s Foreign Missionary Society박에스더캉청해외여성선교회로제타 셔우드 홀거트루드 하우Esther Kim PakIda KahnRosetta Sherwood HallGertrude Howe

초록

This study conducts a comparative historical research on two pioneering female physicians in Korea and China who learned and practiced Western medicine in the United States at the birth of modern medicine and subsequently treated women and children in their native countries: Esther Kim Pak (金點童, 1877~1910) in Korea and Ida Kahn (康成, Kang Cheng, 1873~1930) in China. Pak and Kahn were assisted and supported in obtaining medical education in the United States by two American female missionaries serving for the Woman’s Foreign Missionary Society (WFMS): Rosetta Sherwood Hall (1865~1951) in Korea and Gertrude Howe (1847~1928) in China. The existing scholarship on these two pioneering female physicians and their missionary guardians has not taken a comparative perspective. Thus, the individual lives of these physicians as well as their medical and religious efforts with the WFMS are investigated from a comparative perspective in this study. In doing so, this study shows that Western culture and Christianity introduced by the WFMS missionaries in Korea and China allowed both Pak and Kahn to become “New Women” by overcoming conventional social and cultural norms that have discouraged women from becoming doctors. Both Hall and Howe came from religiously conservative but socially progressive families. Influenced by the Decaconess Movement and inspired by medical missionary work in India, they chose to pursue overseas mission work, that is, “Woman Work for Woman.” Right after Hall and Howe arrived in Korea and China respectively, they developed lifelong family-like relationships and Christian sisterhood with Pak and Kahn. Similarly, both Pak and Kahn came from the lower class and were educated in Christian schools established and managed by American missionary women. As they changed their native names by anglicizing or choosing a baptismal name, they were also accustomed to Western culture and Christianity. With help and support of WFMS missionaries (primarily Hall and Howe), both studied medicine in the United States. While both Hall and Pak were widowed and lost their children, Howe and Kahn were single and adopted children from illness. After returning to their home countries as medical missionaries for the WFMS, Pak and Kahn practiced medicine for women and children. By investigating two pioneering female physicians in Korea and China, this study contributes to the history of medicine, women’s history, and the history of Christianity in Korea and China.

Abstract

This study conducts a comparative historical research on two pioneering female physicians in Korea and China who learned and practiced Western medicine in the United States at the birth of modern medicine and subsequently treated women and children in their native countries: Esther Kim Pak (金點童, 1877~1910) in Korea and Ida Kahn (康成, Kang Cheng, 1873~1930) in China. Pak and Kahn were assisted and supported in obtaining medical education in the United States by two American female missionaries serving for the Woman’s Foreign Missionary Society (WFMS): Rosetta Sherwood Hall (1865~1951) in Korea and Gertrude Howe (1847~1928) in China. The existing scholarship on these two pioneering female physicians and their missionary guardians has not taken a comparative perspective. Thus, the individual lives of these physicians as well as their medical and religious efforts with the WFMS are investigated from a comparative perspective in this study. In doing so, this study shows that Western culture and Christianity introduced by the WFMS missionaries in Korea and China allowed both Pak and Kahn to become “New Women” by overcoming conventional social and cultural norms that have discouraged women from becoming doctors. Both Hall and Howe came from religiously conservative but socially progressive families. Influenced by the Decaconess Movement and inspired by medical missionary work in India, they chose to pursue overseas mission work, that is, “Woman Work for Woman.” Right after Hall and Howe arrived in Korea and China respectively, they developed lifelong family-like relationships and Christian sisterhood with Pak and Kahn. Similarly, both Pak and Kahn came from the lower class and were educated in Christian schools established and managed by American missionary women. As they changed their native names by anglicizing or choosing a baptismal name, they were also accustomed to Western culture and Christianity. With help and support of WFMS missionaries (primarily Hall and Howe), both studied medicine in the United States. While both Hall and Pak were widowed and lost their children, Howe and Kahn were single and adopted children from illness. After returning to their home countries as medical missionaries for the WFMS, Pak and Kahn practiced medicine for women and children. By investigating two pioneering female physicians in Korea and China, this study contributes to the history of medicine, women’s history, and the history of Christianity in Korea and China.

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