성악 연주 불안증 대응 전략 고찰
Coping Strategies for Vocal Performance Anxiety
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성악인들은 성공적인 연주를 위해 자신의 역량을 보일 수 있는 최선의 레퍼토리를 선정하고 테크닉을 연마하며, 수준 높은 예술적 연주를 위한 곡해석 연구를 하는 등의 준비를 오랜 기간 동안 하는데 이때 쉽게 간과되는 것은 연주 불안증에 대한 대비이다. 아무리 뛰어난 성악가라도 무대 위에서의 연주 불안증으로 인해 갖고 있는 역량과 준비된 음악성을 보여주지 못할 때, 그 성악가는 노력에도 불구하고 청중들에게는 단지 실패한 성악가로 인지될 뿐이다. 더욱이 이러한 경험은 성악가에게도 부정적인 영향을 미치게 되어 이것이 장기간 지속될 때 스트레스 요인이 될 뿐만이 아니라 연주 실패의 악순환을 빚기도 한다. 따라서 본 연구는 연주 불안증에 대한 전략적 대응을 위해 다양한 방안들을 성악인들에게 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이미 연주 불안증을 위한 다양한 접근법들이 제안되어 있지만 대부분이 기악 연주자들을 위한 것들이며 인체, 즉 유기체를 악기로 하는 성악 발성의 특성을 고려한 연주 불안증 관련 연구나 접근법들은 거의 없는 실정이다. 성악은 근정신 과정으로서 자기감수피드백에 크게 의존하는 연주행위이므로 기악연주의 경우와는 그 본성이 크게 다르다. 따라서 성악 연주의 특성을 고려한 구체적 대응 전략의 구안을 위해 발성 메커니즘의 속성을 정리하고 문헌 조사를 통해 연주 불안증의 원인과 증상을 규명하였으며 기존의 행동 요법, 약물 요법, 그리고 인지 요법들을 이론적 기반으로 하여 성악연주의 특성을 고려한 접근법으로 재구성하였다. 본 연구가 제안하는 성악연주의 특성을 고려한 연주 불안증 대응 전략들은 성악인들의 성공적인 연주 실현에 실질적인 도움이 될 것이다.
Abstract
Artistic singing requires a performer to establish optimum condition for the vocal performance. And achieving vocal technical superiority is regarded as the main goals for the optimum vocal performance. Thus the objectives of vocal pedagogy today is highlighting and reinforcing the best features of singer’s voice by developing vocal techniques such as tone quality, range, mobility, intensity and endurance. It takes years to become a classical singer, since the voice production is psychomotor process which requires the balanced cooperation between thought/brain and muscles/vocal mechanism. In recent years, increasingly more attention has been paid to problems influencing musician’s performance. Performance anxiety is undoubtedly one of the negative factors which make all of singer’s effortful preparation for performance be in vain. Compared to other musicians, classical singers are especially vulnerable to unfavorable conditions, since their ‘instrument’ is prone to react to both internal and external factors. From the perspectives of vocal performance, it becomes highly important how a singer is able to realize what has been acquired in the lessons, practices, and rehearsals. Classical singer’s insecurity in their performance may be increased by 1) cognitive response, 2) physical and physiological response, and 3) behavioral response from the performance anxiety. When psychological pressures due to vocal performance becomes severe enough to impair or prohibit performance, careful coping strategies are needed. In this study, I reviewed researches and therapeutic approaches related to musical performance anxiety. Examining those studies and giving consideration to the characteristics of vocal mechanism, I propose the coping strategies for vocal performance anxiety. The coping strategies I propose would be one of the ways to acquire the necessary mental skills to deal with the performance anxiety.
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