‘문명’의 노래, 조선인을 ‘위한’ 음악교육: 1910년대 선교사가 만든 『챵가집』 분석
Sound of ‘Civilization’, Music Education ‘For’ Korean: Study on <Changgazip (Song-Book)> Made by Foreign Missionaries in the 1910s
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초록
<Changgazip> is the oldest song-book made by foreign missionaries in Korea, in which various musical contents are included such as nursery rhymes, spiritual song, folk songs, newly composed as well as hymnal. Since a large number of foreign missionaries entered Korea in the late 19th century and the early 20th century, they had an great influence on Korean musical life. In the early 20th century, there were lots of Christian schools and churches, in which missionaries taught music to children and students. They were communicators and teachers of western music. That is why <Changgazip> is important source to look into the aspect of the music education by missionaries. As a case study on musical activities of foreign missionaries, this paper traces the implication of musical materials in <Changgazip> focusing on the cultural background of missionaries and strategy for ministry. The cultural background and strategy decided on contents and aim for this song-book. For the ‘American’ cultural background, missionaries collected western music sources such as nursery rhyme, European traditional children’s song. But their purpose ‘to indigenize’ Christianity in Korea was applied to this song book. For this purpose, quite a number of tunes are in the five-tone scale, i.e. omitting the half-steps. Moreover, they adapted some melody from korean folk songs, Japanese school song and so on. As a result, Changgazip might be interpreted a third cultural outcome, neither American nor Oriental.
Abstract
<Changgazip> is the oldest song-book made by foreign missionaries in Korea, in which various musical contents are included such as nursery rhymes, spiritual song, folk songs, newly composed as well as hymnal. Since a large number of foreign missionaries entered Korea in the late 19th century and the early 20th century, they had an great influence on Korean musical life. In the early 20th century, there were lots of Christian schools and churches, in which missionaries taught music to children and students. They were communicators and teachers of western music. That is why <Changgazip> is important source to look into the aspect of the music education by missionaries. As a case study on musical activities of foreign missionaries, this paper traces the implication of musical materials in <Changgazip> focusing on the cultural background of missionaries and strategy for ministry. The cultural background and strategy decided on contents and aim for this song-book. For the ‘American’ cultural background, missionaries collected western music sources such as nursery rhyme, European traditional children’s song. But their purpose ‘to indigenize’ Christianity in Korea was applied to this song book. For this purpose, quite a number of tunes are in the five-tone scale, i.e. omitting the half-steps. Moreover, they adapted some melody from korean folk songs, Japanese school song and so on. As a result, Changgazip might be interpreted a third cultural outcome, neither American nor Oriental.
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