학교폭력 가해학생과 주변학생의 관계: 다층 ERGM을 활용한 또래구조 분석
Relationships between perpetrators of school violence and other students: Peer structure analysis using multi-level ERGM.
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학교폭력 가해학생의 지배력 추구는 학급의 다른 학생을 통해 실현되므로 주변학생과의 관계 형성에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 가해학생의 행위에 대한 주변학생의 역할을 이해하기 위해서는 일상적으로 학급에서 진행되고 있는 관계에 대한 분석과 이해가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 학교폭력 가해학생과 주변학생을 대비시켜 이 또래구조가 또래 생태계에서 어떻게 위치하고 상호작용하고 있는지를 조사하였다. 이러한 연구목적을 위하여 학교폭력을 둘러싼 또래 생태계를 네트워크의 문제로 모델링하고 two-level exponential random graph model을 적용하여 네트워크 형태(network configuration)의 계수 추정을 통해 가해학생과 주변학생의 친구관계를 고찰하였다. 주요한 분석결과를 보면, 우선 가해학생은 주변학생을 가까이 두고 다른 가해학생을 멀리하는 전략적인 행동을 한다. 주변학생은 가해학생과의 친구관계로 인해 다른 주변학생과 친구관계가 제한된다. 가·피해 학생은 주변학생과 친구 관계를 형성하는데 한계가 있다. 피해학생은 다른 가해학생 혹은 피해학생이 친구관계의 대상이며 주변학생에 의해서 배척된다. 이러한 결과는 주변학생의 역할과 구분은 심리적 특성에 의해 고정된 것이라기보다는 일상생활에서 맺고 있는 친구관계에 따라 달라질 수 있음을 시사한다. 또한 학교폭력 예방을 위해서는 가해학생과 피해학생의 ego 네트워크를 중심으로 한 사안별 접근을 통해 가해학생의 행동을 강화하거나 보상하는 주변학생과 친구관계를 조사할 필요성을 제기한다.
Abstract
Since the student's pursuit of dominance is realized through other students in the class, it can affect the formation of relationships with surrounding students. In order to understand the role of other students in the behavior of the perpetrators, it is necessary to analyze and understand the relationships that are going on in the classroom on a daily basis. In this study, we investigated how this peer structure is located and interacts in the peer ecosystem by comparing the students who perpetrators of school violence with the other students. For the purpose of this study, the peer ecosystem surrounding school violence was modeled as a network problem, and a two-level exponential random graph model was applied to estimate the friendship between the perpetrators and other students through statistical estimation of network configurations. As a result of the main analysis, first of all, the perpetrators take strategic actions to keep other students close and to keep away from other perpetrators. Because of their friendship with the aggressor, other students are limited in their friendship with the other students. There is a limit to forming friendships with other students. Victim students are the target of friendship with other aggressors or students, and are excluded by other students. These results suggest that the roles and divisions of other students are not fixed by psychological characteristics, but may vary depending on the friendships they have in their daily life. In addition, for the prevention of school violence, it is necessary to investigate the friend relationship with other students who reinforce or compensate the bullying student's behavior through a case-by-case approach centered on the ego network of the aggressor, victim, and other students.
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