儒教社会学的后现代性
Postmodernity of Confucian Sociology
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本文的写作目的在于通过儒教社会学理论的构成，在后现代社会里扩展韩国社会学的研究范围。为此，首先通过理气论与阴阳论研究了儒教社会学的范式特征。理气论为理论构成的世界观，阴阳论运用为理论的模型。以儒教社会学范式为基础，阶层论与变动论为中心，构成了儒教社会理论，并考察了其后现代的意义。当今对传统思想的儒教引起关注的原因在于值得重视其——非儒教之前现代性的——后现代性。韩国社会所面临的后现代社会需要代替现代西欧社会学的理论。儒教在韩国文化的深处仍行使着很大的影响力。从而，以儒教世界观与逻辑体系为基础，使儒教思想加以理论的体系化，为韩国社会学的生根发芽做出贡献。并且，儒教具有克服现代世界诸多问题的后现代性智慧。好多学者预见21世纪为亚洲的世纪，因而，社会学也需要新的理念与挑战。我们可以从儒教中找出其解决问题之线索。结果，不可否认儒教所内在的前现代性界限，而又可发现很多超越现代之界限的理论资源。儒教阶层论中，儒教在现代阶级社会提供人格资本、社会资本的资源，提示非竞争的共同体的生活，在这一点上包含着后现代性。儒教社会变动论中，否定了现代社会学的变动理论之主要对立点——作为变动理念的矛盾论与技能论，作为变动类型的循环论与进步论，作为变动的主体与客体之间的单方式中心主义，从这一点上可看出其后现代性。然而，不能只靠其后现代性理念就主张具有未来的挑战性。因为，比起现代性，后现代性的问题反而会更严重。儒教社会学的后现代性对西欧后现代谈论中所提到的伦理性与价值观的混乱、解体之后的理论对策之不在、文化的低级化与虚无主义等问题提供着崭新的解决视角与方案。
Abstract
What we called “confucian sociology” is the sociology for confucian society where the confucian ideology and thoughts have still great influences on the depths of society. Confucian sociology is established to understand the confucian society of Korea, and it is expected to be a passage of communication between east-asian sociology based on eastern thoughts and world sociology which is presently led by western sociology. In addition, confucian sociology will become a useful social theory to suggest the vision and hope of confucian culture to the postmodern society which the cultural aspect becomes more dominant. For such reasons, I try to construct the confucian theory of social stratification and social change through the Li-ki theory of Neo confucianism and Yin-yang theory of Book of change. Finally, this paper is attempt to suggest the postmodern implications of confucian sociology for the sake of overcoming the limitations of modern korean society.
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