원효가 민중들에게 권유한 염불의 정체성 : 愛宕邦康의 「元曉撰『無量壽經宗要』硏究方法改革論」 비판

Abstract

Lately Atago Kuniyasu argued that what the invocation ‘Namo ---’ of Wŏnhyo's biography in Samguk yusa means proposing seven reasons. But I concluded his argument is inadequate. Firstly, even though Ilyeon had not reported ‘Nammu Amit’apul (Namo Amitābhāyai) in his Samguk yusa, he had written ‘Buddha's name’ as a proper name before saying ‘Namo ---’. So we have to consider these two phrases together. Secondly, Atago proposed ‘Nammupul (Namo buddhāya)’ in Muryangsu-gyŏng chongyo (Doctrinal Essentials of the Sukhāvatī Vyūha Sūtra) as a reason of them. But Wŏnhyo's ‘Nammupul’ is an abbreviation of ‘Nammu Amit'apul’ in the lowest order of the lowest class in Kwan Muryangsu-gyŏng (Sūtra on the Visualization of Amitāyus). Wŏnhyo recommended ‘Nammu Amit’apul’. Thirdly, it is true that there are many passages ‘Nammupul’ in Nikāya. But, in fact, the phrase ‘Nammupul’ means Śakyamūni Buddha. ‘Nammupul’ in the context of Early Buddhism is different from that of Mahāyana Buddhism. Fourthly, Yŏmbul recommended in the Dāśa-bhūmi-vibhāṣa-śāstra also means recollection of a concrete Buddha. We can understand that especially Nagārjuna had a preference to recollect Amitābhā's name. Fifthly, it is true that the vocal recitation of Amitābhā's name has been closed up by Vasubandhu and Tanluan. But I ascertained in Muryangsu-gyŏng chongyo and Amit'a-gyŏng so (Commentary on the smaller Sukhāvatī Vyūha Sūtra) that Wŏnhyo had also received their influences. Sixthly, even though Amitābhā Buddha is also one of the Buddhas, it is not fair that Atago considered the recollection of Amitābhā as unusual recollection (Kor. pyŏlyŏmbul) and the recollection of another Buddha as usual/general recollection (Kor. tongyŏmbul). Lastly, Atago argued that there were a war by proxy for Wŏnhyo between Japanses Pure Land Sect and Tendai School and Hossho (Yogācāra) School. But his argument is a logical jump, because Wŏnhyo might not agree with Tendai School and Hossho (Yogācāra) which had taught the causality doctrine by oneself.