元曉의 『無量壽經宗要』 찬술 시기의 재검토: 인용 經論을 중심으로

Abstract

This paper analyzed the scriptures and commentaries cited by Wonhyo(元曉) to review the date when he wrote the Muryangsugyeongjongyo(無量壽經宗要). According to the previous studies, Wonhyo quoted from the Maitreya's Questioning Sutra(Maitreya Fawen Jing, 彌勒發問經) in the book of Zhiyan(智儼)'s the Avatamsaka Sutra Inner Chapters and Other Miscellaneous Kongmu Chapters(華嚴經內章門等雜孔目) and Xuanzang(玄奘)'s the Treatise Demonstrating Consciousness Only(成唯識論). It has believed that Uisang(義相) preached after the year 670 when he returned home with the writings of Zhiyan. However, this paper questioned this view and raised the possibility of writing in the early 650s. The sentences in the Maitreya's Questioning Sutra cited by Wonhyo are almost the same as those in Daoshi(道世)'s the Pini Discuss Essentials(Pini Begging, 毘尼討要), but different from those in the Fayuan Zhulin Biography(Fayuan Zhulin, 法苑珠林). Therefore, it is highly likely that Wonhyo saw the scripture himself or quoted it after seeing the Pini Discuss Essentials. In addition, the scriptures that Wonhyo and Daoshi quoted as the theory of the last ten kinds of hearts of the Maitreya's Questioning Sutra do not currently remain, and are similar to the verses of theory of the last ten kinds of hearts of the Great Treasure Accumulation Sutra(Da Bao Ji Jing, 大寶積經) issued the twenty-fifth part of Shengzhi Lehui(發勝志樂會), which is translated after their death. The phrase of the Discovering the Pure Heart Sutra(發覺淨心經), presented by Jiacai(迦才) as the basis for the theory of 10 ideas, is the same as the phrase of the Discovering the Pure Heart Sutra, which is currently passed down. From this point of view, it is highly likely that the Maitreya's Questioning Sutra was translated in the middle of Discovering the Pure Heart Sutra and The Great Treasure Accumulation Sutra issued the twenty-fifth part of Shengzhi Lehui. The people who brought the Maitreya's Questioning Sutra or the Pini Discuss Essentials to Silla are Jajang(慈藏) and Wonseng(圓勝) who returned to Silla in 643 after studying abroad. These are the people who played an important role in distributing and studying the Quarter Law(四分律) in Silla. On the other hand, the phrase of the Treatise Consciousness Only(唯識論) quoted by Wonhyo is a phrase from the Mahayana Consciousness-Only Theory(大乘唯識論) translated by Zhenzhi(眞諦). Among scriptures translated by Xuanzang, which cited by Wonhyo, the latest translation was the Buddhist Sutra(佛地經論) translated in 649. Based on this fact, it is thought that Wonhyo's the Muryangsugyeongjongyo was wroted until the first half of the 650s.