『三國史記』에 보이는 4~5세기의 加耶와 三國과의 관계

Abstract

Daegaya built up the base for a full-scale growth together with the upheavals risen in the Gaya society at the end of the 3rd century. Without any engagement in disorders of the southern small Gaya states, which named 'Posangpalguks' War(浦上八國戰爭)', Daegaya achieved a stable growth in the inland area. When the King Geonchogo of Baekje secured the west-south seaway at AD 369 and advanced to the Gaya region, Daegaya was appeared as one of the seven Gayas. This reflects the Dagaya's growth in that time. Since then, the foreign relation of the Gaya was represented as pro-Baekje tendency, and this shaped a balance of power in the Korean peninsula together with Silla's subordinate tendency to the Goguryo. In the beginning of 5th century, Gaya states allying with the Baekje and Japan fighted against the Koguryo-Silla unite forces, and Daegaya played a leading role in this war. The most notable appearances of Gaya society during 4th through 5th centuries as can be seen through the Literature Sources are women's activities. 『NihonShoki(日本書紀)』 describes that Gijeonji(旣殿至), the sister of Garaguk king, played an active part to save the royal family when Garaguk was jeopardized. She was supposed to be a priest. Also the Queen Hur(許王后) or Yongnyo(傭女) of the Geumguan Gaya were the same characteristic women. The Michuwangnyo(味鄒王女) who became the queen over the era of two kings of Silla, King Namul and King Silsung, had the authority of the priest as well, and she is supposed to be the heroine of the northen mound of the Hwangnamdaechong(皇南大塚). Meanwhile, the high concentrativeness of excavation toward the central area of Daegaya for the Pottery Stand with Snake-Figurines, which were used for ceremonial rituals, means that the political power of Daegaya came from Shamanistic and Religious aspects. On the other hand, Daraguk had military forces and technologies being equal to those of Daegaya, but it was overwhelmed by the Shamanistic and Religious power of the King Daegaya. Consequentially Daraguk contributed for Dagaya to mobilize a coalition of Gaya states. Also, King-Gashil's invention of Gayageum in the 6th century shows the ideological shamanistic and religious inclinations of the Dagaya King. The ideological background involved in Gayageum had been already formated in the 5th century in which Gaya were having their heyday. Three kinds of Bronze Chodu(鐎斗) take notices as archeological specimens to show the appearance of foreign cultural exchanges of the Gaya states. They are supposed to be brought into the Gaya through the Baekje. The Samguksagi(三國史記) does not mention about any relationships between Gaya and Baekje, except the Baekje-Gaya unite forces' supports to the Silla in the Mijilbu(彌秩夫) at AD 481. The Chodu(鐎斗) represents as a Material evidence that those supports was realized on the assumption of the mutual political and cultural exchanges of both countries.