어휘적 속성과 장거리 어순 재배치
Lexical Properties and the So-called Long Distance Scrambling
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The aim of this paper is twofold: one is to make clear the deficiencies of the generative approach to syntax especially conspicuous in the treatment of the lexical information given in the lexicon; the other is to make clear the real nature of the so-called long distance scrambling. Basically, the generative grammar sees that the lexical entry only contains the optimal coding of lexical idiosyncrasies. However, it is not so difficult to realize the importance of the regular lexical information. Recently, the operations like the lexical destruction as well as the lexical decomposition have been introduced in the syntax. The so-called 'little v' can be thought to be a typical example of lexical decomposition. The lexical destruction can be found in the analysis of the demonstrative this into the Determiner element th- and its complement -is, the unit of which cannot be supported in syntactic analysis, untenable even in morphological analysis. Even the merge operation in Minimalist Program hardly has any consideration for the subcategorization frames or features of lexical items. Misconceptions about the lexico-grammatical categories of lexical items could also be found in the generative approaches to syntax. One of the typical examples of the approach is the one like DP (Determiner Phrase), which can be seen to be a symbol of wrong categorization. Unless the syntactic analyses are strictly carried out on the basis of the lexical argument information, the subtle differences between the putatively scrambled versions of a sentence are easy to be skipped. It can be said that the Strict Correspondence Principle could reveal the exact nature of the word order in a surface structure when an argument of a sentence is not in its proper position, referring to the lexical argument information given in the lexicon. This paper takes much of the syntactic analysis in terms of the Lexicalist Case Hypothesis (LCH) that says that as far as syntactic case is concerned, the case should be defined on the basis of the lexical information given in the lexicon, and the Hypothesis of Variable Medial Projection (HVMP) that says that the number of medial projections should be matched with the number of arguments of a predicate. On this syntactic analysis, the putative scrambled constituent should be analyzed as a syntactic remnant, without any syntactic function. With the Ubiquitous Topic Hypothesis (=UTH) applied, the syntactic remnant could be given a syntactic topic function. The putative scrambled constituent is called 'word order topic' in this paper. The facts that the word order topic cannot be used in a discourse-introducing sentence, nor in on-the-spot descriptions of events, nor in a sentence announcing a brand-new news, etc. suggest that the scrambled constituents have the definiteness effects, one of the important and remarkable features of the marked topics in Korean. As to the so-called long distance scrambling, this paper introduces the principles of the CAP (Constituent Affiliation Principle) which says that a constituent should be in its own clause, or should be construed to be as if it were in its own clause, and the TVP (Transparent Verb Principle) which says that the transparent thinking- or saying-verb functions as if it were nonexistent in certain discourse-syntactic contexts. The typical object of the so-called LDS that appears in the thinking- or saying- verb construction is on a par with that of SDS, because the so-called long distance scrambled object can be seen as construed with the object of the embedded. In other cases, the matrix clause can be seen nonexistent by the TVP and the matrix subject can be seen to function as a parenthetical phrase. The so-called long distance scrambling will be an example of short distance scrambling in virtual structure. In sum, there is no such thing as scrambling as a real movement, but there is a structure as given. The constituent that occurs in the so-called scrambled position is to be characterized as a word order topic. Compared with the particle topic introduced by eun/neun, i/ga, or eul/reul etc., the word order topic is a very weak topic, because it carries no special marking. Though weak, its topicality should not be underestimated or nullified.
Abstract
The aim of this paper is twofold: one is to make clear the deficiencies of the generative approach to syntax especially conspicuous in the treatment of the lexical information given in the lexicon; the other is to make clear the real nature of the so-called long distance scrambling. Basically, the generative grammar sees that the lexical entry only contains the optimal coding of lexical idiosyncrasies. However, it is not so difficult to realize the importance of the regular lexical information. Recently, the operations like the lexical destruction as well as the lexical decomposition have been introduced in the syntax. The so-called 'little v' can be thought to be a typical example of lexical decomposition. The lexical destruction can be found in the analysis of the demonstrative this into the Determiner element th- and its complement -is, the unit of which cannot be supported in syntactic analysis, untenable even in morphological analysis. Even the merge operation in Minimalist Program hardly has any consideration for the subcategorization frames or features of lexical items. Misconceptions about the lexico-grammatical categories of lexical items could also be found in the generative approaches to syntax. One of the typical examples of the approach is the one like DP (Determiner Phrase), which can be seen to be a symbol of wrong categorization. Unless the syntactic analyses are strictly carried out on the basis of the lexical argument information, the subtle differences between the putatively scrambled versions of a sentence are easy to be skipped. It can be said that the Strict Correspondence Principle could reveal the exact nature of the word order in a surface structure when an argument of a sentence is not in its proper position, referring to the lexical argument information given in the lexicon. This paper takes much of the syntactic analysis in terms of the Lexicalist Case Hypothesis (LCH) that says that as far as syntactic case is concerned, the case should be defined on the basis of the lexical information given in the lexicon, and the Hypothesis of Variable Medial Projection (HVMP) that says that the number of medial projections should be matched with the number of arguments of a predicate. On this syntactic analysis, the putative scrambled constituent should be analyzed as a syntactic remnant, without any syntactic function. With the Ubiquitous Topic Hypothesis (=UTH) applied, the syntactic remnant could be given a syntactic topic function. The putative scrambled constituent is called 'word order topic' in this paper. The facts that the word order topic cannot be used in a discourse-introducing sentence, nor in on-the-spot descriptions of events, nor in a sentence announcing a brand-new news, etc. suggest that the scrambled constituents have the definiteness effects, one of the important and remarkable features of the marked topics in Korean. As to the so-called long distance scrambling, this paper introduces the principles of the CAP (Constituent Affiliation Principle) which says that a constituent should be in its own clause, or should be construed to be as if it were in its own clause, and the TVP (Transparent Verb Principle) which says that the transparent thinking- or saying-verb functions as if it were nonexistent in certain discourse-syntactic contexts. The typical object of the so-called LDS that appears in the thinking- or saying- verb construction is on a par with that of SDS, because the so-called long distance scrambled object can be seen as construed with the object of the embedded. In other cases, the matrix clause can be seen nonexistent by the TVP and the matrix subject can be seen to function as a parenthetical phrase. The so-called long distance scrambling will be an example of short distance scrambling in virtual structure. In sum, there is no such thing as scrambling as a real movement, but there is a structure as given. The constituent that occurs in the so-called scrambled position is to be characterized as a word order topic. Compared with the particle topic introduced by eun/neun, i/ga, or eul/reul etc., the word order topic is a very weak topic, because it carries no special marking. Though weak, its topicality should not be underestimated or nullified.
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