외국인력 유입의 내국인에 대한 영향
The Impact of Foreign Worker Inflow on the Natives in Korea
0
조회
0
다운로드
17
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
국내 유입 외국인의 대부분은 미숙련 노동이므로 외국인 유입은 국내 노동시장에대한 미숙련 노동 공급 확대에 해당하며, 경쟁관계에 있는 내국인 미숙련 인력의고용과 임금을 하락시키고 소득격차를 확대하는 효과를 가진다. 그 영향을 평가하기 위하여 본 연구에서는 총요소비율 접근방법을 채택하여 숙련을 학력과 경력의 함수로 정의하고 숙련수준별 공급 변화가 노동시장에 미치는 효과를 추정한다. 숙련수준의 정의에서 경력을 고려하여야 하는 필요성은 임금변화 추이의 연령대별 격차로부터 비롯된다. 남자의 경우 외국인이 학력과 경력으로 정의된 숙련수준에 따라 동등한 숙련의 내국인과 완전대체재라고 가정한다면 외국인 유입은 2000년대 들어 청년층 미숙련 인력의 임금 상승을 약 20% 낮추는 효과를 가진 것으로 평가되며 보다 현실적인 가정을 채택한다면 그 효과는 10∼15%로 추정된다. 정책적 차원에서는 본 연구의 결과는 외국인력 선별도입의 필요성을 제기한다.
Abstract
Influx of foreigners to the Korean labor market raises the proportion of unskilled labor as the majority of them are low-educated. An anticipated consequence is a slowdown of wage and employment growth among the competing unskilled natives and consequential widening of skill wage gaps. To measure the impact, this paper takes an aggregate factor proportions approach instead of impact evaluation method and estimates how a skills composition change affects worker status. Workers’ skills levels are defined according to their education and experience. The need to add experience among the skills determinants is motivated by the diverging wage paths across different age groups within the same education groups. A perfect substitutability assumption between foreigners and natives within a skills group leads to an estimation result that shows inflow of foreigners has lowered wage growth of young unskilled men by as much as 20% in the first decade of the 2000s. Under a more realistic assumption of imperfect substitution, the suppression effect is between 10 and 15%. The implication of this study for a mid- to long-term foreign labor policy is that a conservative policy stance is desirable as far as the unskilled labor inflow is concerned.
참고문헌 (32)
- 김연수, "외국인 및 이민자 노동시장 정책: 현황과 과제" (2012), 한국개발연구원
- 김정호, "저숙련 외국인 유입의 경제적 영향 분석" (2009), 한국개발연구원
- 노동부, "임금구조기본통계조사", 미시통계자료, 각년도, ~
- 박성재, "북한이탈주민의 직업변동 및 취업지원제도 평가" (2011), 한국노동연구원
- 유경준, "(Translated in English)Yoo, Gyeongjoon and Jungho Kim, Substitutability of Foreign Workers and Data Problems, KDI Policy Forum 2010-06, Korea Development Institute, Seoul" (2010), 한국개발연구원
- 유경준, "외국인력의 현황과 정책과제" (2009), 한국개발연구원
- 이규용, "외국인력 고용구조와 영향", KLI 노동리뷰 (2008), 한국노동연구원
- 외국인력 노동시장 분석, "이규용", 한국노동연구원, ~, pp.연구보고서 2011-15 (2011)
- 조동훈, "외국인과 국내 근로자 임금격차 분석", 노동정책연구, 10(3), pp.65~86 (2010), 한국노동연구원
- 조준모, "외국인력의 내국인력에 대한 대체성 분석, In 저숙련 외국인력 노동시장 분석, 제5장" (2004), 한국노동연구원
- 최경수, "외국인력 및 이민 유입의 경제적 영향", 한국개발연구, 34(2), pp.95~137 (2012), 한국개발연구원[DOI]
- 통계청, "경제활동인구조사", 미시통계자료, 각년도, ~
- 2012년 외국인고용조사 결과, "통계청", ~ (2012)
- 한진희, "국제노동이동의 경제적 영향 분석- 외국인 노동자문제를 중심으로 -", 한국개발연구, 28(1), pp.95~116 (2006), 한국개발연구원
- Borjas, George J., "The Labor Demand Curve is Downward Sloping : Reexamining the Impact of Immigration on the Labor Market", Quartely Journal of Economics, 118(4), pp.1335~1374 (2003)
- Borjas, George J, "Globalization and Immigration, In Globalization: What’s New" (2005), Columbia University Press
- Borjas, George J., "On the Labor Market Effects of Immigration and Trade, In Immigration and the Work Force: Economic Consequences for the United States and Source Areas" (1992), University of Chicago Press
- Borjas, George J., "How Much Do Immigration and Trade Affect Labor Market Outcomes?", Brooking Papers on Economic Activity, 1997(1), pp.1~90 (1997)
- Card, David E., "The Impact of the Mariel Boatlift on the Miami Labor Market", Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 43(2), pp.245~257 (1990)
- Card, David E., "Can Falling Supply Explain the Rising Return to College for Younger Men? A Cohort-Based Analysis", Quarterly Journal of Economics, C17, pp.705~746 (2001)
- Friedberg, Rachel M., "The Impact of Immigrants on Host Country Wages, Employment and Growth", Journal of Economic Perspectives, 9(2), pp.23~44 (1995)
- Gritz, Albrecht, "The Labor Market Impact of Immigration : A Quasi-Experiment Exploiting Immigrant Location Rules in Germany", Journal of Labor Economics, 30(1), pp.0~33 (2011)
- Grossman, Jean Baldwin, "Illegal Immigrants and Domestic Employment", Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 37(3), pp.40~251 (1984)
- Hemermesh, Daniel S., "The Demand for Labor in the Long Run, In Handbook of Labor Economics, Vol. 1" (1986), Elsevier Science Publishers
- Hemermesh, Daniel S., "Labor Demand" (1993), Princeton University Press
- Hemermesh, Daniel S., "Econometric Studies of Labor-Labor Substitution and Their Implications for Policy", Journal of Human Resources, 14(4), pp.115~142 (1979)
- Juhn, Chinhui, "Why Has the Natural Rate of Unemployment Increased Over Time?", Brooking Papers on Economic Activity, 2, pp.75~126 (1991)
- Katz, Lawrence F., "Changes in Relative Wages, 1963-1987: Supply and Demand Factors", Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(1), pp.35~78 (1992)
- Smith, James P, "The New Americans: Economic, Demographic, and Fiscal Effects of Immigration" (1998), National Research Council
- "Statistics Korea, KOSIS database"[URL]
- Welch, Finis, "Effects of Cohort Size on Earnings: The Baby Boom Babies’ Financial Bust", Journal of Political Economy, 86, pp.S65~S97 (1979)
- Welch, Finis, "In Defense of Inequality", American Economic Review, 95, pp.1~17 (1999)