明初의 말 수급체계와 거래가격― 女眞⋅高麗⋅朝鮮에 대한 말 수매가를 중심으로 ―

Abstract

The Ming Dynasty, which was in military conflict with Mongolia, tried to secure a military horse. Hongwu Emperor installed Taipusi as a horse management organization to encourage horse breeding. However, after the Jingnan campaign, horses became scarce. Accordingly, Yongle Emperor promoted a policy to purchase horses from the Jurchen people and the Joseon Dynasty. Yongle Emperor established a market for horse trading in the border area of Liaodung to trade horses with Jurchen people, and sent envoys to Joseon to trade horses. An interesting trend can be found by comparing the horse purchase prices of the Ming Dynasty by region around the 15th century. Compared to the end of the Goryeo Dynasty, the price of horses fell sharply in the early Joseon Dynasty, reflecting Hongwu Emperor's negative attitude to Joseon. However, Jianwen Emperor, who was on the defensive at Jingnan Campaign, bought horses from Joseon at a much higher price than before. After Yongle Emperor ascended the throne, the price per horse resulted in three silk and two cotton fabrics. Meanwhile, in the case of Jurchen, the average purchase price of horses traded in Liaodung was initially 3.6 rolls of silk and 14.6 rolls of cotton fabrics, and then changed to 5 seoks of rice, 3.2 rolls of silk, and 3.2 rolls of cotton fabrics. Comparing Jurchen with Goryeo and Joseon, it can be said that the Ming Dynasty gave preferential treatment to Jurchen compared to Goryeo or Joseon. The national relationship between Ming and Goryeo and Joseon was affecting the horse's transaction price.