경쟁법 적용을 위한 보완재 상품군의 시장획정
Market Definition of Complementary Goods for the Enforcement of Competition Law
0
조회
0
다운로드
23
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
관련 상품시장의 획정이란 상호간에 실질적 경쟁관계에 있는 상품의 집합을 결정하는 일련의 과정을 일컫는다. 여기서 실질적 경쟁관계 여부는 상품간의 교체 또는 대체가능성으로 판단되어진다. 하지만 경쟁법 적용 사례에서 때로는 대체관계가 성립하지 않는 상품군들을 다루는 경우도 종종 발생한다. 후속시장, 양면시장,군집시장 등이 이에 해당하는 대표적 예이다. 이들 예는 상품군을 구성하는 상품들 간에 대체성이 성립하지 않기 때문에 이를 고려하지 않고 SSNIP test를 기계적으로 적용할 경우 시장획정에서 오류를 범할 가능성이 있다. 이에 따라 본 논문에서는 보완재 상품군의 시장획정 시 고려해야할 몇 가지 요인들을 살펴본다. 후속시장 획정 시에는 전환비용, 정보의 비대칭성 정도, 거래관행 등을 고려하여 주시장과 후속시장을 동일시장이나 별도의 시장으로 획정할지를 결정하여야 한다. 양면시장에서는 교차 네트워크 외부성으로 서로 다른 측면의 이용자 그룹이 서로보완재의 역할을 한다는 사실을 염두에 두고 시장획정을 하여야 하며, 군집시장의 경우에는 거래적 보완성, 범위의 경제 및 군집상품의 가격할인율, 분리비용,기술적 통합정도, 수요행태 및 거래관행 등을 고려하여 군집의 범위를 결정하고 시장획정을 하여야 한다.
Abstract
Market definition refers to the process of determining the set of products those are substitutable or interchangeable to the reference good for the purpose of analyzing the antitrust issues at hand. However there are lots of competition law cases in which the reference good consists of complementary goods, and/or relevant goods are not substitutable but complementary each others. Aftermarkets, two-sided markets, and cluster markets are the typical examples. Since goods are not substitutable in those examples, the mechanical application of SSNIP test or critical loss analysis to define relevant good market could make serious mistakes. The most possible mistake will be to define relevant market narrower than actual market since SSNIP test does not consider the complementarity among goods. Therefore this article try to verify the most important factors which should be considers when aftermarkets,two-sided markets, and cluster markets are defined. In case of aftermarket,the extent of switching cost, and information asymmetry between consumers and firms, trade practice should be considered to decide whether equipment and aftermarket service are defined as the same market or not. In case of two-sided market, the most important factor that makes difference from single-sided market is cross-network externality. Two distinct groups of users in the two-sided platform become complementary goods to each other through cross-network externality. Thus the feedback effect of the action which take place in one side should be considered during market definition procedure. In case of cluster market, transactional complementarity, economies of scope and discount rate of cluster price, unbundling cost, extent of technological integration, demand and trade practice should be considered to define the scop of clustering.
참고문헌 (54)
- 공정거래위원회, "인터넷 포털사업의 특성과 경쟁정책적 시사점", pp.2008~ (2008)
- 권남훈, "경쟁정책 적용을 위한 시장획정 방법론 및 시장집중지표", 산업조직연구, 14(2), pp.63~93 (2006), 한국산업조직학회
- 이론에 따른 방송통신 서비스 정책 이슈 연구, "김성환", KISDI, ~, pp.KISDI 기본연구 08-11 (2008)
- 통신시장 기술변화에 따른 시장획정 이슈와 전망 II: 이동전화 시장, "김희수", KISDI, ~, pp.KISDI이슈리포트 10-06 (2010)
- 남재현, "양면시장 사업모형에서의 시장획정과 시장지배력 측정 시 고려사항", 한국법경제학회발표자료 (2009)
- 인터넷 오픈마켓 시장에서의 인수합병시 쟁점사항 검토, "이경원", 공정거래위원회, ~ (2008)
- 이상규, "양면시장의 정의 및 조건", 정보통신정책연구, 17(4), pp.73~105 (2010), 정보통신정책학회
- 통신서비스 시장지배력: 정의 및 판단기준, "이상규", KISDI, ~, pp.KISDI 이슈리포트 04-12 (2004)
- 이상승, "우리나라 은행산업의 시장획정 및 집중도분석", 금융연구, 22(3), pp.175~231 (2008), 한국금융학회
- 최승재, "兩面市場理論과 韓國 競爭法上 役割에 대한 硏究 -구글의 더블클릭 인수 사건을 포함하여-", 경쟁법연구, 17, pp.225~265 (2008), 한국경쟁법학회
- 황창식, "다면적 플랫폼 사업자에 대한 공정거래규제 -양면시장이론의 경쟁법적 적용 및 대법원의 티브로드 강서방송 판결 등의 사례분석을 중심으로-", 정보법학, 13(2), pp.97~148 (2009), 한국정보법학회
- Armstrong, M., "Competition in Two-Sided Markets", Rand Journal of Economics, 37, pp.668~691 (2006)
- Ayres, I., "Rationalizing Antitrust Cluster Markets", The Yale Law Journal, 95, pp.109~125 (1985)
- Baye, M.R., "Economics at the FTC: The Google-DoubleClick Merger, Retail Price Maintenance, Mortgage Disclosures, and Scoring in Auto Insurancem", Review of Industrial Organization, 33, pp.211~230 (2008)
- Baxter, W. F., "Bank Interchange of Transactional Paper : Legal and Economic Perspectives", Journal of Law and Economics, 26, pp.541~588 (1983)
- Beggs, A., "Multi-period Competition with Switching Costs", Econometrica, 60(3), pp.651~666 (1992)
- Channels of Distribution as Merger Markets: Interpreting Staples and Cardinal, "Blumenthal, W.", ~ (1998)
- Caillaud, B., "Chicken & Egg : Competition among Intermediation Service Providers", Rand Journal of Economics, 24, pp.309~328 (2003)
- Elzinga, K.G., "The Problem of Geographic Market Definition in Antimerger Suits", The Antitrust Bulletin, 18, pp.45~81 (1973)
- Evans, D. S., "The Antitrust Economics of Multi-Sided Platform Markets", Yale Journal on Regulation, 20, pp.325~382 (2003)
- Evans, D. S., "The Economics of Online Advertising Industry", Review of Network Economics, 7(3), pp.359~391 (2008)
- Evans, D. S., "The Online Advertising Industry : Economics, Evolution, and Privacy", Journal of Economic Perspectives, 23(3), pp.37~60 (2009)
- Evans, D.S., "The Anaysis of Mergers that involve MultiSided Platform Businesses", Journal of Competition Law and Economics, 4, pp.663~695 (2008)
- The Industrial Organization of Markets with Two-sided Platforms, "Evans, D.S.", NBER, ~, pp.NBER working paper 11603 (2005)
- Evans, D.S., "Markets with Two-Sided Platforms", Competition Law and Policy, 1 (2008)
- Farrell, J., "Dynamic Competition with Switching Costs", Rand Journal of Economics, 19(1), pp.123~137 (1998)
- Two-Sided Network Effect and Competition: An Application to Media Industries, "Ferrando, J.", ~ (2004)
- "Statement Concerning Google/DoublrClick"[URL]
- Gans, J.S., "The Neutrality of the Interchange Fees in the Payment System", Topics in Economic Analysis & Politics, 3 (2003)
- Gilbert, R., "Revising the Horizontal Merger Guidelines: Lessons from the U.S. and the E.U., In Competition Policy and Regulation: Recent Developments in China, Europe and the US, Cheltenham", Edward Elgar
- Harris, B., "Focusing Market Definition: How much Substitution is Necessary?", Research in Law and Economics, 12, pp.207~226 (1989)
- Two-Sided Markets and Electronic Intermediaries, "Jullien, B.", CESifo, ~, pp.CESifo Working Paper 1345 (2004)
- Price Structure in Two-Sided Markets: Evidence from the Magazine Industry, "Kaiser, U", ~ (2004)
- Klemperer, P., "The Competitiveness of Markets with Switching Costs", Rand Journal of Economics, 18, pp.138~150 (1987)
- Klemperer, P., "Markets with Consumer Switching Costs", Quaterly Journal of Economics, 102, pp.375~394 (1987)
- Klemperer, P., "Competition when Consumers have Switching Costs : An Overview with Applications to Industrial Organization, Macroeconomics, and International Trade", Review of Economics Studies, 62, pp.515~539 (1995)
- OPTA, "The Bundle the Market?" (2007)
- Unbundling in the Presence of Network Externalities, "Parker, G.G.", ~ (2002)
- Two-Sided Markets with Negative Externalities, "Reisinger, M.", University of Munich, ~, pp.Discussion Paper 2004-27 (2004)
- Rochet, J., "Cooperation in Competitors : The Economics of Payment Card Associations", Rand Journal of Economics, 33, pp.549~570 (2002)
- Rochet, J., "Platform Competition in Two-sided Markets", Journal of the European Economic Association, 1, pp.990~1029 (2003)
- Defining Two-Sided Markets, "Rochet, J.", ~ (2004)
- Rochet, J., "Two-Sided Markets : A Progressive Report", Rand Journal of Economics, 37, pp.645~667 (2006)
- Rysman, M., "The Economics of Two-Sided Markets", Journal of Economic Perspectives, 23(3), pp.125~143 (2009)
- Schmalensee, R., "Payment Systems and Interchange Fees", Journal of Industrial Economics, 50, pp.103~122 (2002)
- Shapiro, C., "Systems Competition and Aftermarkets : An Economic Analysis of Kodak", The Antitrust Bulletin, 39, pp.135~162 (1994)
- Stigler, G.J., "The Extent of the Market", Journal of Law and Economics, 28, pp.555~585 (1985)
- Tirole, J., "The Theory of Industrial Organization" (1998), The MIT Press
- Payment Card Regulation and the Use of Economic Analysis in Antitrust, "Tirole, J.", Toulouse School of Economics, ~, pp.TSE Note n. 4 (2011)
- Veljanovski, C., "Markets without Substitutes: Substitution versus Constraints as the Key to Market Definition" (2009), Center for Regulation and Market Analysis, University of South Australia
- Wright, J., "Optimal Card Payment Systems", European Economic Review, 47, pp.587~612 (2003)
- Wright, J, "Pricing in Debit and Credit Card Schemes", Economics Letters, 80, pp.305~309 (2003)
- Wright, J, "One-Sided Logic in Two-Sided Markets", Review of Network Economics, 3(1), pp.42~63 (2004)
- Wright, J, "The Determinant of Optimal Interchange Fees in Payment Systems", Journal of Industrial Economics, 52, pp.1~26 (2004)
