現代日本語の母音融合ー最適性理論に基づく分析ー
Vowel Coalescence in Modern Japanese ―An Optimality Theoretic Account―
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초록
본고는 현대 일본어 공통어에 나타나는 모음축약을 최적성이론에 기반하여 분석하여 제약의 상호작용을 밝히는 것을 목적으로 한다. 孫(2009)은 품사 범주의 차이로 인한 모음축약의 적용여부를 명사에 특화된 충실성을 바탕으로 논하였지만, 본고는 형태적 도출성에 의한 축약의 적용여부(孫2012b)를 바탕으로 한 충실성제약에 기반하여 분석하였다. 또한 모음융합이 저지되는 일부의 형용사는 어간에 명사성이 강하다는 특징이 나타나는데 본고는 이를 명사에 특화된 충실성을 바탕으로 설명하였다. 그리고 종래의 일본어 음운론에서 중시되지 않았던 모음의 원순성([±round])은 모음축약을 설명하기 위해서 반드시 필요하다는 것을 논의하였다.
Abstract
This paper examines asymmetric vowel coalescences (Casali 1996) in Tokyo Japanese under the framework of Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 1993/2004, McCarthy and Prince 1999). Son (2009) generalized the condition of coalescence according to part of speech; vowels coalesce in non-noun word but do not coalesce in noun. Son (2009) argued that blocking coalescence is due to higher ranked noun faithfulness. I will, however, argue that condition of coalescence depends on the morphologically (un)derived environment. The V1V2 in derived environment can be coalesced but coalescence is blocked in nonderived environment. The nonderived environment blocking for coalescence is accounted for by relativized faithfulness (i.e., Uniformitystem) which is proposed by Burzio (2001). I will account for the systematic blocking for coalescence in some adjective classes (e.g., color adjective etc.) with relativized noun faithfulness. I also argue that roundness (i.e., [±round]), which is not considered in Japanese phonology, is an important feature specification for predicting correct pattern of coalesced vowel in Tokyo Japanese.
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