「誰も」と「誰もが」について ―日本語教育の観点から―

Abstract

In this article, we explore parallelism and differences between the two synonymous expressions daremo and daremoga and provide a teaching guideline for learners of the Japanese language. Whilst the two expressions are generally used to substitute any human-denoting noun, daremoga has hardly been surveyed. Consequently, their parallelism and differences have not been elucidated. This accounts for why the two expressions are difficult in terms of both learning and teaching. The present article thus analyses attested examples of daremo and daremoga. Our analysis indicates that as in the case of daremo (as pointed out in previous studies), daremoga may be used to denote an almost infinite set of individuals or to denote a specific set of individuals, and it may also be used as an adverb. Further, our survey reveals that daremo tends to co-occur with a negative predicate, whilst daremoga with a positive predicate. Also, the two expressions differ in terms of sentence types; thus, daremo may be used in imperative sentences and interrogative sentences, but this is not possible with daremoga. Another finding relates to negation. That is, the speaker/writer may use daremo in a negative sentence to the effect that the speaker/writer’s own action itself is negated. Our study suggests that it would be effective to provide the basic-level learners with examples where daremo co-occurs with a negative predicate and those where daremoga co-occurs with a positive predicate, and also provide the intermediate/advanced-level learners with non-prototypical examples including those involving the unique uses of daremo.