경쟁법의 전개와 글로벌 경쟁법규범 출현에 관한 전망
The Development of Competition Law and the Prospect on the Advent of Global Competition Standards
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경쟁법은 미국의 반독점법으로 출발하여 지금은 지구촌의 거의 대부분의 국가에서 경제의 축을 규율하는 중요한 규범으로 도입, 운용하고 있다. 그러나 표면적으로 보면 기술적이며 글로벌 표준화가 매우 용이할 것 같은 경쟁법은 각 나라별로 법적 전통과 문화, 경제적 이해관계에 따라 상이한 형태로 존재하고 있다. 국가 간 경쟁법 규범의 집행에 관한 상호 협조의 분위기가 조성되고 있지만 국제적으로 기속력 있는 공통의 경쟁법규범을 만들고자 하는 시도는 지금까지는 별 다른 효과를 보지 못했고, 앞으로도 당분간은 국제법적 규범으로서의 단일한 경쟁법 체제의 출범은 어려운 것으로 판단된다. 그 이유는 무엇인가? 저자는 지금까지 경쟁법의 글로벌화 과정과 표준화 시도에 관한 개관을 통해 경쟁법의 태동과 확장에서부터 경쟁법에는 사회통합 내지 정치적 선택의 문제가 내재되어 있다는 점을 밝히면서, 아울러 이러한 정책적 목표의 다양성 외에도 경쟁법에는 효율성과 시장작동에 관한 접근 방식의 차이, 자국중심주의의 이해관계가 얽혀 있다는 점을 그 원인으로 파악할 수 있었다. 이러한 분석은 향후 국제적 표준 경쟁법 규범의 창설이나 집행에 있어서 우리가 보다 신중해야 할 필요성을 일깨워 준다.
Abstract
The origin of competition law has its roots in the antitrust law of U.S.A, and now this legal system has been introduced as primary measures to regulate free market in almost states on the world. Although, on a superficially examination, the nature of competition law seems so technical to be integrated as one of global standard, actually it has existed in various forms according to the legal tradition, culture, and economic interests of each country. In spite of cooperating atmosphere in enforcing competition law among global nations, the attempt to make an international competition law having common -binding effect among the ratified states has resulted in little outcomes. For a while, it can hardly be expected that the global common competition legal system will appear. What is the reason? Through looking back around the history of competition law, the author reaches to a conclusion that the competition law has inevitably the choice problem to determine how to design the social integration and political priority as well as how to define efficiency and the market mechanism, including entwined national egoism. The author believes that abovementioned analysis may point to us to be more careful in participating to build and execute a global competition standard in the future.
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