현대몽골어와 한국어의 수사(數詞) 대조 연구 ― 현대몽골어의 집합수사, 분배수사, 반복수사, 불분명수사, 어림수사, 지소수사, 분수사를 중심으로 ―

Abstract

In this study I summarized the morphology, composition, its meaning and the function of modern Mongolian numerals(focused on collective, distributive, multiplicative, unclear, approximative, diminutive, fractional numerals) and did contrastive analysis of having relevance to between Korean numerals and Mongolian one based on the study of this. From the investigating some numerals identified in modern Mongolian language and Korean language, its results are roughly summarized as follows. In some numerals seen in modern Mongolian language and Korean language, there are appeared following similarities. 1. For collective numerals, their meanings may be varied depending on where and how each constituent of sentence is cut and read in a certain sentence. 2. For collective numerals, when the numeral of ‘1’ is intended to be expressed as a collective numeric meaning in both modern Mongolian language and Korean language, the both languages use a unique and special word of ‘ганцаар(аа)’ or ‘혼자(alone), 혼자서(by oneself)’, respectively without using a connective postposition like ‘-уул, -үүл’ or ‘-이, -이서’ different from the case of other numerals. 3. For distributive numerals in both languages, the both languages can express the meanings of distributive numerals by repeatedly using basic numerals, so the both language are similar in the methodological aspect expressing the meanings of distributive numerals. 4. For approximate numerals, while the forms of affixes, words and basic numerals forming approximate numerals are different one another in modern Mongolian language and Korean language, but the both languages are relatively similar in the methods forming approximate numerals such as how to connect an affix or a word to a basic numeral or a quantifier following a basic numeral, how to consecutively arrange and synthesize two or three basic numerals. In some numerals in modern Mongolian language and Korean language, there are appeared the following differences. 1. For collective numerals, there is different forms like ‘-이서’ being used at counting the number of people while this form of collective numeral is not separately existed in modern Mongolian. 2. For distributive numerals, while Korean language almost necessarily uses a quantifier (classifier) between a numeral (numeric adjacent) modifying a noun seen in this example of ‘다섯 권(씩)의 책(five books)’-here, ‘다섯’ is a numeral meaning 5, the ‘권’ is a quantifier (classifier) meaning the unit noun of book, and the ‘책’ means a plural noun meaning book-, but in modern Mongolian language, there are a lot of cases not using any quantifier (classifier) seen in the example of ‘таван ном[다섯 (권)의 책]’. 3. For repetitive numerals, while in modern Mongolian language, there are some cases that meanings of repetitive numerals are expressed by connecting numerals with the following verbs with omitting the words such as ‘удаа’와 ‘дахин’, but Korean language can‘t omit a repetitive or multiplicative numeral like ’번‘, ’차례’, ‘번 다시’, ‘배’ (the all words mean -times) to be corresponded with the following verbs. 4. For unclear numerals, while the word of ‘얼마 (how many/much)’ is widely used in asking quantity or amount and the word of ‘몇‘ (how many) is mainly used in asking the quantity in Korean language, but this distinction is not unclear in modern Mongolian.