金代 漢族 官僚 起用의 特徵과 變化 - 宰執 집단의 분석을 중심으로 -

Abstract

In this article, the total number of Han Chinese prime minister of the Jin dynasty was investigated, and the changes in their geographic origin, career and role over time were reviewed. The total number of Han Chinese prime ministers in the Jin Dynasty was 44. In terms of geographic origins, the prime ministers from the Yanyun area, which had produced not a few Chinese founding fathers of the dynasty, occupied the mainstream until the Zhangzong period. An exception was the King of Hailing period, when Chinese officials from prestigious Northern Song families were often appointed as prime ministers to help conquering the Southern Song. After the King of Weishao period, the number of people from Yanyun markedly decreased, and instead, the majority came from the former Northern Song territory. This had to do with Mongol’s domination of the Yanyun area and the fact that Yanyun’s Han Chinese elites actively contributed to the Mongolian conquest of North China. The career of han officials who would became prime ministers changed around the Shizong period. Before the Shizong period, the Han prime ministers were primarily former officials of the Song Dynasty or the Liao dynasty, and were experts in court etiquette and diplomatic rituals which were unfamiliar to the Jurchen elites. Before their appointment as prime minister, they also often worked in the organizations that administered the areas whose population was mostly Chinese. From the time of Shizong, a pattern began to appear in the careers of those appointed as prime minister. Prime ministers were mainly those who had obtained the jinshi degree through the civil examinations established by the Jin dynasty, and who had worked as clerks or (and) officials in the Department of State Affairs (shangshusheng 尙書省) and had developed close relationship with the emperor and prime ministers. In addition, the rulers of the Jin dyansty preferred to appoint as prime minister financial experts of the Ministry of Revenue (hubu), who were well aware of the welfare of the Han Chinese, who not only made up the majority of the people but also were the tax source of the empire. Even after their appointment, Han Chinese prime ministers were remarkably active in the fields of finace and Han Chinese people’s welfare.