일본어 교재에 나타난 「お/ご」에 관한 일고찰 ー자연대화와의 비교ー
A study of ‘o/go’ in Japanese textbooks ―comparison with natural conversations―
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本稿では、実際コミュニケーションに表われる「お/ご」の使用様相を調べ、それを中級教材にどの程度反映しているのかを考察すべく、年上、同年、年下の男女同士の初対面および友達同士の会話の録音資料と中級教材を分析資料とした。考察の結果、社会人の初対面および友達同士の自然会話の中で 「お/ご」の使用の割合に男女の差はほぼ見られなかった。その反面、中級教材においては女性話者に比べ、男性話者の方が「お/ご」を用いる比率が高く、形態面では、自然会話と中級教材ともに複合形より単独形の使用割合が高かった。ただ、自然会話では年下の相手より年上の相手に対して相対的に複合形の使用割合が高かった。機能面では、初対面の自然会話の場合、女性同士では尊敬語が、男性同士では謙譲語の使用比率が高く、美化語は男女ともに２９％と同様な割合を見せた。一方、友達同士の会話では、女性同士の場合は美化語が、男性同士の場合は尊敬語の使用頻度が高かった。すなわち、「お/ご」の使用において、話者の年齢および性別、会話相手の年齢差、親疎など様々な要因が影響していることがのぞかれる。ところが、中級教材の場合、会話参加者の属性を具体的に提示していないものが多く、会話参加者の年齢による「お/ご」の使用様相は考察できなかった。今回の考察結果に基づき、「お/ご」の使用特徴をより客観的で総合的に把握するためには自然会話の場面をより多様化し、それを比較考察することにより、中級教材が実際の談話の特徴を反映しているかどうか結論づけることができると判断され、それは今後の課題にしたい。
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the use of ‘o/go’ in natural conversations between friends and between first meeting people, and in Japanese intermediate textbooks. Results are summarized as follows. There was no difference between men and women in natural conversations, while men used ‘o/go’ more than women in Japanese intermediate textbooks. For the form of ‘o/go’, simple form was used more than complicated form both in natural conversations and Japanese intermediate textbooks. But, complicated form was is proportional to the age of the talking partners in natural conversations. For the function of ‘o/go’, women had a tendency to use ‘o/go’ as ‘respectful word’ while men had a tendency to use ‘o/go’ as ‘humble word’ in natural conversations between first meeting people. And in the use of ‘o/go’ as ‘beautified word’, there was no difference between men and women. However, in natural conversations between friends, women had a tendency to use ‘o/go’ as ‘beautified word’ while men had a tendency to use ‘o/go’ as ‘respectful word’. In other words, the use of ‘o/go’ is influenced by the age of both speaker and talking partner, the sex of speaker, and the degree od intimacy between speaker and talking partner, etc. But, in Japanese intermediate textbooks, we could not investigate effects of the use of ‘o/go’ because of no showing attribute of the conversation.
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