“报者，天下之利也” —论儒家伦理中的核心思想
“Reciprocations(Bao) are for the Profit of all under Heaven” ‒The Core Ideas of Confucian Ethics
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”报“是儒家伦理中的核心思想之一，同时也是古代哲学的一个重要议题，其影响一直延续到当代中国社会。儒 家经典著作≪礼记≫中，对”报”进行了详细的分类，包括报天、报神、报君和报亲等，展现出了报的宗教性、 交互性、对等性、对象性等重要特征。类似于西方的互惠概念，“报”的形式可以分为对等的“报”、差异的“报”和不 “报”三种 但又有别于西方“互惠”概念中的交换本质，报的每种方式都有其适用的条件和范围。因此，本文旨在探 究儒家伦理中“报”的概念，揭示其内涵和意义，以加深对儒家伦理思想的理解。
Abstract
Bao is one of the core ideas in Confucian ethics and has been an important topic in ancient philosophy, with its influence extending to contemporary Chinese society. In the classic Confucian work “The Book of Rites,” there is a detailed classification of “bao,” including bao to heaven, bao to deities, bao to rulers, and bao to family, revealing the religious, interactive, egalitarian, and object-oriented nature of bao. Similar to the Western concept of reciprocity, bao operates through three main modes: equal bao, unequal bao, and non-bao. However, it differs from the exchange nature of reciprocity in the Western sense, as each mode of bao has its own conditions and scope of applicability. Therefore, this article aims to explore the concept of bao in Confucian ethics, uncovering its meaning and significance to deepen our understanding of Confucian ethical thought.
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