시스템적 금융위기의 결정요인에 대한 실증분석 - 신용붐, 국가채무, 주택시장 버블을 중심으로
An Empirical Study on Credit Booms, Housing Price Bubbles, Public Debt and Systemic Banking Crises
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초록
본 논문은 광범위한 패널 데이터를 구축하여 신용붐, 주택시장 버블, 국가채무,경상수지, 산출갭, 환율 등 여러 시스템적 금융위기의 결정요인을 하나의 회귀식에서 종합적으로 실증분석하였다. 시스템적 금융위기는 금융부문에서 발생한 위험이 실물경제까지 전이되는 위기로 정의되는데, 본 연구에서는 Laeven andValencia(2012)가 제공하는 시스템적 금융위기 데이터와 IMF IFS의 민간부문의신용대출 데이터를 이용하여 1973-2010년까지 45개국에 대한 패널 데이터를 구축하였다. 회귀식 표본 설정에 있어 금융자유화 이전과 이후 신용붐 발생의 원인과 그 효과가 차별적일 수 있음을 감안하여 금융자유화 전후로 두 가지 표본을 사용하였다. 회귀분석 결과, 금융자유화 이후 기간에 있어 개발도상국뿐 아니라 선진국에서도 뚜렷한 신용대출증가가 금융위기 이전에 관찰되었다. 선진국과 개발도상국간에 차이점도 관찰되었는데, 주택가격지수의 경우 선진국에서는 위기에선행하여 먼저 하락하는 모습을 보였고 개발도상국에서는 위기시점까지 버블이유지되다가 위기 이후에 하락하였다. 그 외 특징적으로 선진국은 국가채무, 산출갭과 같은 대내적인 요인에 의해 영향을 받는 반면, 개발도상국은 경상수지, 환율과 같은 대외적인 요인에 영향을 받는 것으로 분석되었다.
Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of credit booms on systemic banking criseswhich is defined as the coincidence of the financial distress and the spilloveron the real economy. Using a panel data of 45 countries over 1973-2010 onsystemic banking crises data from Laeven and Valencia (2012) and privatecredit loan data from IMF IFS, we find that credit booms precede crises andwork as a cause. In the analysis, we add real house price fluctuation. UnlikeGourinchas and Obstfeld (2012)’s result, we find a new evidence that creditbooms significantly affect the systemic banking crises in both advanced andemerging economies after financial liberalization. We also find housing pricesbegin to drop before crises in advanced economies while begin to drop priceonly after crises in emerging markets.
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