국민국가 속에서 국민의 자격－독일제국 성립부터 2차 대전의 패전까지－
Citizenship in a Nation-State -From the Foundation of German Empire to the Fall of Nazi Germany-
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This study aims to explain about a short histoy of the german nationality laws between the foundation of the german empire and the fall of the nazi germany. The legal system of the german empire was based the prussian law. And the “law respecting the acquisition and loss of the quality as a prussian subject, and his admission to foreign citizenship” of 31 December 1842, which introduced Jus sanguinis to the country, was the base of the prussian nationality las. Until 1913, however, each german state had its own nationality laws. In 1913, the “nationality law of the german empire and states(Reichs-und Staatsangehörigkeitsgesetz) of 22 July 1913” established a german citizenship. Under the Hitler regime, the german nationality law of 1913 was changed in 1934 with the separate states’ citizenships. In 1935the “reich’s citizen law(Reichsbürgergesetz)”, the second of the nuremberg laws(Nürnberger Gesetze), split the uniform citizenship again. With these laws were categorised german jews as second-class citizens in the Nazi germany, as state affiliates(Staatsangehörige), Aryans counted as Reich’s citizens. After 1938, the German nationality law was extended to Austria and the occupied territories in the eastern europe. The Nazi amendments and the Nuremberg Laws were revoked by Allied occupational ordinance after the collapse of Nazi dictatorship in 1945.
Abstract
This study aims to explain about a short histoy of the german nationality laws between the foundation of the german empire and the fall of the nazi germany. The legal system of the german empire was based the prussian law. And the “law respecting the acquisition and loss of the quality as a prussian subject, and his admission to foreign citizenship” of 31 December 1842, which introduced Jus sanguinis to the country, was the base of the prussian nationality las. Until 1913, however, each german state had its own nationality laws. In 1913, the “nationality law of the german empire and states(Reichs-und Staatsangehörigkeitsgesetz) of 22 July 1913” established a german citizenship. Under the Hitler regime, the german nationality law of 1913 was changed in 1934 with the separate states’ citizenships. In 1935the “reich’s citizen law(Reichsbürgergesetz)”, the second of the nuremberg laws(Nürnberger Gesetze), split the uniform citizenship again. With these laws were categorised german jews as second-class citizens in the Nazi germany, as state affiliates(Staatsangehörige), Aryans counted as Reich’s citizens. After 1938, the German nationality law was extended to Austria and the occupied territories in the eastern europe. The Nazi amendments and the Nuremberg Laws were revoked by Allied occupational ordinance after the collapse of Nazi dictatorship in 1945.
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