세계유산 관점에서의 대순진리회 도장의 가치
The Value of Daesoon Jinrihoe’s Temple Complexes from the Perspective of UNESCO World Heritage
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초록
과거에 성지는 주로 고고학적 규범에 근거하여 호명되면서 종종 단일의 고정된 정체성을 부여받았으나 최근의 추세는 좀 더 포괄적으로 역사적, 맥락적 해석과 연동하여 유연하게 접근하고 있다. 성지는 시공간을 초월하여 다양한 변화를 경험해왔으며 권력과 권위의 복잡한 상호작용을 내재한 다층적인 종교정체성을 드러낸다. 이런 관점에서 대순진리회 도장의 종교적 상징과 이미지, 그리고 공간구조에 내포되어 있는 다층적인 의미는 세계유산이라는 새로운 정체성의 재정립을 가능하게 한다. 이 연구는 성지의 역사적 가치만큼이나 순례와 같은 영적 추구 행위가 동등하게 주목받고 있는 가운데, 유네스코 세계유산위원회가 지향하는 탁월한 인류의 보편적 가치를 통해 도장의 세계유산등재 가능성을 탐색한다. 이를 위해, 기존 종교유산의 사례로 그리스 아토스수도원공동체와 네팔 룸비니를 소개하고 종교유산이 어떤 방식으로 운영되고 있는지 고찰하며, 최종적으로는 도장의 문화유산으로서의 가치성을 실증적으로 검증한다.
Abstract
In the past, holy sites were mainly designated on a basis of archaeological norms and endowed with a specific fixed identity according to historical, religious, and contextual interpretations. However, approaches to these sites are more flexible in recent times. These locations transcend the boundaries of space and time to enable the experience of diverse transformation and reveal multiple religious identities which are embedded in the complex interaction between power and authority. In this regard, the dynamic meanings of the religious symbology of Daesoon Jinrihoe’s temple complexes, imagery, and the spatial structures enable us to grant them a new identity by re-establishing these structures as World Heritage sites. Temple complexes (dojang) correspond to the outstanding universal values identified by UNESCO in that the spiritual activities conducted at these holy sites draw the same attention as would be drawn by historical value. In this context, this study aims to explore the potential for Daesoon Jinrihoe’s temple complexes to be designated UNESCO world heritage sites. To carry out this study, existing religious heritage sites such as Mount Athos Monasteries in Greece and Lumbini in Nepal are examined as case studies, and the operational plan, conservation, protection of relics, and interaction with its neighboring community and tourists are likewise closely examined in this study.
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