현대의 오키나와와 경남 지역에서 민간인 전쟁희생자를 기억하는 세 가지 방식 - 찌비찌리 동굴, 히메유리탑, 그리고 여양리 유골

Abstract

This study is intended to examine the problem of violence used by the state regarding problems of civil war victims of Great Wars in the contemporary East Asia and ways of memorials through the two categories of state and region. The objects are Chibichiri cave and Himeyuri Peace Memorial museum, commonly called Himeyuri pagoda in Okinawa, Japan and Remains of Korean War civil victims of Yŏyang-ni in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. In visiting these places, I paid much attention to the reason of civilian death in battlefields, the ways of memorials about the deads by the contemporary natives or by the government. This interest is not related to a reproduction of past memories, but to a worry about any possible repetition or enlargement of these tragic scenes nowadays. As a result of the visit and the study of two places in Okinawa, I conclused that the related tragedies have been caused by the state-violence used by the Japanese modern imperial government in the internal colony. Following Anthony Giddens who pointed out that the monopolization of violence of Modern State is executed in the category of Nation-State, it means the discrimination and disregard of the Yamato nation against the Okinawa nation and the imperialization of the border of Okinawa in order to protect the Japanese territory. By the way, the memory about the collective suicide in Chibichiri cave was honored by surviving families and anti-imperialists and the scene of suicide is originally preserved as if it symbolize the state crime. The Memorials are also minimized and, in this point, it is an anti-imperialist instrument of memory. In contrary, the death of Himeyuri girlstudents drafted for military service present a strong reproach against the genocide, but its way of memory resembles with the Yasukuni Shrine. This reveal the intention of the subjects of memory, that they makes themselves victims through the mediation of the real victims. The remains of Yŏyang-ni, result of typical genocide, were not memorized by anyone after the massacre for 52 years. After the revelation in occasion of typhoon, this scene of genocide was actively excavated and became the object of memory of the past event. But the original scene disappeared and the remains are not properly preserved. It means that, in the korean society, the problem of civil massacre in Korean war is not yet solved. As the military rule like the presence of U.S. Army continues in Okinawa, an element of internal anxiety is not clearly exterminated. At this point, the military structure by violence state, produced in the Battle of Okinawa and in the Korean War has the virtuality of revival and reoperation.