아담 스미스와 지식경제, 그리고 정부의 역할: 작고 효율적인 정부에서 동정적인(compassionate) 정부로
Adam Smith, Knowledge Economy, and the Role of Government: From a Small and Efficient Government to a Compassionate Government
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19, 20세기 산업경제는 아담 스미스로 대표되는 경제적 자유주의의 시대였다. 그러나 경제적 자유주의를 지배했던 경쟁과 균형이라는 아담 스미스의 명제와 작고 효율적인 정부는 21세기 지식경제에는 적합하지 않다. 수확체증과 불균형 현상이 지배하는 지식경제 하에서 경쟁과 변화는 산업경제 시대와는 비교할 수 없을 만큼 심각한 계층간 불균형과 빈익빈 부익부의 사회경제적 양극화를 가져 올 가능성을 내포하고 있기 때문이다. 본 연구는 지식경제에서 강조되어야 할 정부역할의 새로운 패러다임을 동정적인(compassionate) 정부로 규정하고 그 논거를 동정이 가지는 세가지 특성인 개인과 공동체의 연결고리, 정의의 일면, 문제해결 메커니즘에서 찾으려 시도한다.
Abstract
The 19 and 20th Centuries can be represented by economic liberalism developed and nurtured by Adam Smith. However, the idea of competition and equilibrium and a small efficient government, which dominated this period, is not relevant for the knowledge economy in the 21st century. That is because social and economic disparity between the haves and have-nots may become unprecedentedly large in the knowledge economy because of increasing returns to scale and disequilibrium phenomena. This study argues that the government in the knowledge economy, therefore, needs compassion. The rationales for the compassionate government can be found in the linkage between individuals and community, a character of justice, and the problem solving mechanism.
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