세계화와 복지국가 선호: 오프쇼어링이 개인의 복지태도에 미치는 영향
Globalization and Demand for the Welfare State: How Offshoring Shapes Preferences for Social Protection
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
이 논문은 세계화의 한 현상인 오프쇼어링(offshoring)이 개인의 복지국가 선호에 미치는영향을 분석한다. 오프쇼어링의 가장 큰 위협으로 실업을 들 수 있다. 그러므로 오프쇼어링수준이 높은 직업군의 개인들은 복지정책을 선호하리라 예상할 수 있지만 현실은 그렇지 않다. 오프쇼어링이 복지국가 선호에 어떤 영향을 주는가? 이 연구는 개인의 기술 특정성(skill specificity)과 오프쇼어링의 상호작용이 복지태도를 결정한다고 주장한다. 구체적으로, 기술 특정성이 높은 개인이 오프쇼어링에 노출될 경우, 기술특정성이 낮거나 오프쇼어링 위협이 작은 직업군에 있는 경우에 비해, 복지정책을 더 선호할 것이라는 이론적 주장을제시한다. 14개 유럽 국가의 응답자들을 포함한 2008년 유럽사회조사(European Social Survey) 데이터를 통해 가설 검증을 시도하였다. 그 결과 기술 특정성이 높은 직업군에 속한 개인의 경우, 오프쇼어링의 가능성이 높을 때 복지국가 선호가 높다는 점을 발견하였다.
Abstract
When a major threat of offshoring is redundancy, it is expected that people with highly offshorable jobs would support expansion of welfare policy. However, the real world shows variability across countries. Why do some countries have more redistributive preferences against offshoring than others? How does offshoring determine demand for welfare states? In this study, we argue that unemployment risk within individual jobs conditions effects of offshoring on support for social policy. Specifically, when individuals with non-transferable, specific skills are exposed to offshoring, they would be more likely than those without offshorability to support expansion of social protection. In other words, when higher offshoring and redundancy risks overlap, interaction effects are likely to be associated with higher levels of social policy preferences. Our statistical analysis using survey data of 14 West European countries, the 2008 European Social Survey, identifies evidence that supports our argument.
참고문헌 (56)
- 권기철, "서비스 오프쇼어링 기업의 진화―인도 사례 연구", 남아시아연구, 17(1), pp.1~32 (2011), 인도연구소[DOI]
- 권철우, "오프쇼어링 위협 효과가 숙련 프리미엄에 미치는 영향:비숙련 및 숙련노동의 대체적 투입관계를 중심으로", 국제통상연구, 23(3), pp.1~27 (2018), 한국국제통상학회[DOI]
- 권형기, "생산의 세계화와 노동의 정치: 비교적 시각에서 독일 적응 전략의 유효성 검토", 국제정치논총, 52(1), pp.217~245 (2012), 한국국제정치학회
- 남상섭, "오프쇼어링이 기업의 총요소생산성(TFP)에 미치는 영향: 기업패널자료 분석", 무역연구, 14(3), pp.321~339 (2018), 한국무역연구원[DOI]
- 박문수, "오프쇼어링이 한국 기업의 생산성에 주는 영향", 한국산학기술학회논문지, 14(10), pp.4784~4790 (2013), 한국산학기술학회[DOI]
- 이경희, "오프쇼어링이 생산성 및 노동시장에 미치는 효과와정책과제-업종별 비교를 중심으로" (2010), 산업연구원
- 이상욱, "우리나라의 리쇼어링 요인 분석", 사회과학연구, 55(1), pp.209~233 (2016), 사회과학연구원
- 조장희, "한국의 제조기업 총요소생산성과 오프쇼어링의 선택", 한국경제연구, 31(4), pp.27~52 (2013), 한국경제연구학회
- Acemoglu, Daron, "Handbook of Labor Economics(Vol. 4, Part B)", pp.1043~1171 (2011), Elsevier
- Alt, James, "Inequality, Labor Market Segmentation, and Preferences for Redistribution", American Journal of Political Science, 61(1), pp.21~36 (2017)
- The Perils of Globalization:Offshoring and Economic Insecurity of the American Worker, "Anderson, Richard G.", ~, pp.FRB of St. Louis Working Paper No. 2007-004A (2007)
- Antràs, Pol, "Organizing the Global Value Chain", Econometrica, 81(6), pp.2127~2204 (2013)
- Antràs, Pol, "Offshoring in a Knowledge Economy", The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 121(1), pp.31~77 (2006)
- Antràs, Pol, "Global Sourcing", Journal of Political Economy, 112(3), pp.552~580 (2004)
- Baldwin, Richard, "Spiders and Snakes: Offshoring and Agglomeration in the Global Economy", Journal of International Economics, 90(2), pp.245~254 (2013)
- Factoryless Goods Producers in the US (No. w19396), "Bernard, Andrew B.", National Bureau of Economic Research, ~ (2013)
- Blinder, Alan S, "How Many US Jobs Might be Offshorable?", World Economics, 10(2), pp.41~ (2009)
- Cho, Jang-Ok, "Business Cycle Uncertainty and Economic Welfare", Review of Economic Dynamics, 18(2), pp.185~200 (2015)[DOI]
- Costinot, Arnaud, "Comparative Advantage and Optimal Trade Taxes", In Princeton University International Trade Seminar, (Fall) (2013)
- Ebenstein, Avraham, "Estimating the Impact of Trade and Offshoring on American Workers Using the Current Population Surveys", Review of Economics and Statistics, 96(4), pp.581~595 (2014)
- Estevez-Abe, Margarita, "Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage", pp.145~183 (2001), Oxford University Press
- Finseraas, Henning, "Income Inequality and Demand for Redistribution: A Multilevel Analysis of European Public Opinion", Scandinavian Political Studies, 32(1), pp.94~119 (2009)
- Garrett, Geoffrey., "Partisan Politics in the Global Economy" (1998), Cambridge University Press
- Gingrich, Jane, "Preferences in Context: Micro Preferences, Macro Contexts, and the Demand for Social Policy", Comparative Political Studies, 45(12), pp.1624~1654 (2012)
- Hummels, David, "The Wage Effects of Offshoring: Evidence from Danish Matched Worker-Firm Data", American Economic Review, 104(6), pp.1597~1629 (2014)
- Iversen, Torben, "An Asset Theory of Social Policy Preferences", American Political Science Review, 95(4), pp.875~893 (2001)[DOI]
- Iversen, Torben, "Electoral Institutions and the Politics of Coalitions: Why Some Democracies Redistribute More Than Others", American Political Science Review, 100(2), pp.165~181 (2006)
- Jensen, J. Bradford, "Winners and Losers in International Trade: The Effects on US Presidential Voting", International Organization, 71(3), pp.423~457 (2017)
- Jeon, Yongsik, "The Offshoring Threat and Wage Negotiation: Theory and Evidence", Japan and the World Economy, 45(C), pp.19~29 (2018)
- Johnson, Robert C., "Accounting for Intermediates:Production Sharing and Trade in Value Added", Journal of international Economics, 86(2), pp.224~236 (2012)
- Koopman, Robert, "Tracing Value-Added and Double Counting in Gross Exports", American Economic Review, 104(2), pp.459~494 (2014)
- Kramarz, Francis., "Offshoring, Wages, and Employment: Evidence from Data Matching Imports, Firms, and Workers" (2008), Centre de Recherche en Économie et Statistique
- Krishna, Pravin, "International Trade and Labour Income Risk in the US", Review of Economic Studies, 81(1), pp.186~218 (2014)
- Kwon, Chul-Woo, "Liberalization of Foreign Production, the Threat Effect, and Wage Inequality", Asian Meeting of Econometric Society (2011)
- 권철우, "The Plant-Moving Threat as a Motivation for Offshoring", Korea and the World Economy, 19(1), pp.51~84 (2018), 한국경제연구학회[DOI]
- Lupu, Noam, "The Structure of Inequality and the Politics of Redistribution", American Political Science Review, 105(2), pp.316~336 (2011)
- Mandelman, Federico, "Offshoring, Low-Skilled Immigration, and Labor Market Polarization" (2016)
- Margalit, Yotam, "Costly Jobs: Trade-related Layoffs, Government Compensation, and Voting in US Elections", American Political Science Review, 105(1), pp.166~188 (2011)
- Meltzer, Allan H., "A Rational Theory of the Size of Government", Journal of political Economy, 89(5), pp.914~927 (1981)[DOI]
- Milberg, William, "Financialisation and the Dynamics of Offshoring in the USA", Cambridge Journal of Economics, 34(2), pp.275~293 (2009)[DOI]
- Moene, Karle Ove, "Inequality, Social Insurance, and Redistribution", American Political Science Review, 95(4), pp.859~874 (2001)[DOI]
- Mughan, Anthony, "Economic Performance, Job Insecurity and Electoral Choice", British Journal of Political Science, 32(3), pp.513~533 (2002)
- OECD, "Measuring Globalisation: OECD Economic Globalisation Indicators 2010" (2010), OECD Publishing
- OECD, "OECD Employment Outlook 2016" (2016), OECD Publishing
- Ottaviano, Gianmarco IP, "Immigration, Offshoring, and American Jobs", American Economic Review, 103(5), pp.1925~1959 (2013)
- Rehm, Philipp, "Risks and Redistribution: An Individual-Level Analysis", Comparative Political Studies, 42(7), pp.855~881 (2009)
- Trade, Social Insurance, and the Limits to Globalization, "Rodrik, Dani.", National Bureau of Economic Research, ~, pp.No. w5905 (1997)
- Rommel, Tobias, "The Electoral Consequences of Offshoring: How the Globalization of Production Shapes Party Preferences", Comparative Political Studies, 51(5), pp.621~658 (2018)
- Rueda, David, "Food Comes First, Then Morals: Redistribution Preferences, Parochial Altruism, and Immigration in Western Europe", The Journal of Politics, 80(1), pp.225~239 (2018)
- Scheve, Kenneth, "Religion and Preferences for Social Insurance", Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 1(3), pp.255~286 (2006)
- Shayo, Moses, "A Model of Social Identity with an Application to Political Economy: Nation, Class, and Redistribution", American Political Science Review, 103(2), pp.147~174 (2009)
- Sly, Nicholas, "Strategic Sourcing and Wage Bargaining", Journal of Development Economics, 109, pp.172~187 (2014)
- Walter, Stefanie, "Globalization and the Welfare State: Testing the Microfoundations of the Compensation Hypothesis", International Studies Quarterly, 54(2), pp.403~426 (2010)
- Walter, Stefanie, "Globalization and the Demand-Side of Politics: How Globalization Shapes Labor Market Risk Perceptions and Policy Preferences", Political Science Research and Methods, 5(1), pp.55~80 (2017)[DOI]
- Wright, Greg C, "Revisiting the Employment Impact of Offshoring", European Economic Review, 66, pp.63~83 (2014)
- Zlate, Andrei, "Offshore Production and Business Cycle Dynamics with Heterogeneous Firms", Journal of International Economics, 100, pp.34~49 (2016)
