다산의 재난관리정책
The Applicability of "Mok-Min-Sim-Suh" to Current Disaster Management Policy
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초록
'재난이 발생하기 전과 발생 후에 목민관은 어떻게 대비하고 대응해야 할 것인가?' 에 대해 다산 정약용은 그의 명저 「목민심서」에서 깊이 있는 논의를 전개하고 있다. 다산은 진황6조 비자(備資), 권분(勸分), 규모(規模), 설시(設施)), 보력補力), 준사(竣事)와 애민6조 구재(救災)에서 목민관이 구황(救荒)하기 위해 해야 할 정책대안과 지침을 제시하고 있다. 다산이 강조하고 있는 현장중심의 지휘체계 확립, 예방과 대비의 중요성 강조. 이재민 구호대책에 대한 목민관의 무한책임, 재해의연금의 모금방법과 관리, 국가의 양곡관리. 재난관리자의 자질, 결산과 평가에 관한 논의 등은 오늘날에도 매우 중요한 정책적 함의를 갖는다. 재난관리에 대한 다산의 논의들은 다산의 시대에나 오늘날에나 똑 같이 재난관리자들에게 교훈이 되고 있다.
Abstract
The main objective of this study is to examine the applicability of lessons presented in "Mok-Min-Sim-Suh" by Dasan (Jeong, Yak-Young) to the management of disasters in modern society. In this classic work, Dasan presents disaster policy alternatives, and provides deep insight into how local governors should prepare for disaster eventualities, and just as important, how they manage the aftermath of disasters. These matters are discussed at length in two chapters in "Mok-Min-Sim-Suh", one entitled jinwhang (disaster policy) and one entitled aemin (welfare policy). Dasan discusses the duties that local governors must perform with regards to relief for disaster victims in terms of six areas - preparedness; donation; planning; saving; instituting; and, evaluating. A number of significant policy implications emerge from Dasan's perceptive and timeless analysis regarding such matters as the need to establish highly reactive command structures "on the ground" near the disaster, the importance of prevention as well as response, limitless responsibility of local governors for the relief of disaster victims, collection and disbursement of aid supplies, management of food stocks, qualifications of an effective disaster management official, etc. Dasan's guidance and principles for disaster management policy are equally applicable to his age as well as ours today.
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