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폴란드와 헝가리 연금제도의 분화과정에 대한 연구: 정치제도와 행위자, 그리고 아이디어를 중심으로

A Comparative Analysis of Divergence between Polish and Hungarian Pension Systems: Political Institution, Political Agents, and Ideas

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주제분류행정학

초록

본 연구의 목적은 동유럽 국가들의 연금제도 변화에 영향을 미치는 핵심적인 요인은 무 엇인지에 대한 규명이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 폴란드와 헝가리의 연금제도를 연구 대 상으로 선정하여, 왜 폴란드는 여전히 다층적 연금제도라는 제도적 틀을 유지하면서 점 진적 축소를 추구한 반면에 헝가리는 이를 사실상 포기하는 급진적 축소를 추구하게 되 었는지에 대한 연구 질문에 답하고자 한다. 이를 위해 New Politics 논의에 기초하여 정 치제도적 요인과 정치 행위자 요인을, 그리고 해당 논의의 한계점을 보완하기 위해 아 이디어 요인을 포함한 분석틀을 제시하여, 이상의 요인들이 연금제도 변화에 어떠한 영 향을 미쳤는지에 대해 분석하였다. 정치제도적 요인과 행위자 요인의 경우 상당부분 서 로 얽혀있음을 볼 수 있는데, 폴란드와 헝가리가 가지고 있는 정치제도의 특성이 행위 자들의 상호관계를 일정부분 규정하는 측면이 나타났다. 또한, 아이디어 요인의 경우 정 치제도의 특성과 행위자의 행동들 사이를 연결해주는 핵심적인 역할을 담당했다. 본 연 구의 분석결과, 폴란드의 의회민주주의제도가 많은 거부점이 있었음에도 불구하고 다층 적 연금제도라는 패러다임적 변화를 이끌어냈던 요인과 헝가리의 의회민주주의제도가 정책적 안정성을 줄 수 있음에도 불구하고 다층적 연금제도의 실질적 폐지라는 급진적 복지축소 현상으로 이끌었던 핵심적인 요인이 아이디어 요인이었음을 밝혔다.

Abstract

The aim of this article is to examine fundamental causes to pension systems’ changes, namely its maintenance and retrenchment or transformation in Central and Eastern European countries. Particularly focusing on Polish and Hungarian trajectories in two pension systems, it comes up with an answer to a question on ‘why in 2010 Poland pursued austerity under the multi-pillars pension system, while Hungary chose to abolish the system itself’, through an analytic canon including political-institutional structure and political agents aspects from the New Politics perspective with ideas aspect compensating its theoretical limitations. According to the analysis, ideas surrounding the multi-pillars pension system was shown to be fundamental to its introduction in Poland despite many veto points in Polish parliamentarism and its virtual abolishment in Hungary despite political stability in Hungarian parliamentarism. This comparative study demonstrates the necessity of considering ideas aspect in getting more comprehensive understanding on welfare retrenchment in Central and Eastern European countries.

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