전시체제기 학교 隊조직의 변화와 집단 노동력 동원 - 조선총독부의 학생동원정책을 중심으로 -

Abstract

In 1938, students began to be mobilized through “School Labor Patriotism Corps.” In 1941, it became “School Federation Labor Patriotism Corps” according to the formation of National Total Chosun Federation and admission of School Federation. It was soon converted into “National Labor Patriotism Corps”(including only grade schools) according to the Ordinance on National Labor Patriotism and Collaboration. The Japanese Government-General of Korea formed School Total Corps in secondary schools or higher educational institutions along the order system of Japanese Government-General of Korea - provinces - schools in order to mobilize the students directly and do military training through military force mobilization. Students in grade and secondary schools were mobilized for their labor force through Labor Patriotism Corps and School Total Corps, respectively, since then. In 1943, the ruling Japanese started to utilize the old School Total Corps in preliminary works for military force mobilization for military education as well as national mobilization works through many emergency measures for wartime mobilization. They converged into Student Labor Law with the fleet organizations unified into School Patriotism Corps including grade schools and school faculties. It was later converted into Student Corps, a semi-military organization with an emphasis on air defence and national defence, to allow for even military force mobilization after the proclamation of Wartime Educational Ordinance in 1945. The students eligible for mobilization were third graders or older in secondary school in 1938, and the mobilization criteria for students expanded to fourth graders in grade school or older in 1941 and entire grade schools in 1945. The duration of mobilization was ten days during summer vacation per year in 1938 and expanded to spot mobilization of 30 days or less per year in 1941. As the Ordinance on National Labor Patriotism and Collaboration was revised in 1943, the duration of mobilization was further expanded to 60 days per year and then four months per year according to the emergency wartime measure on education. In 1944, students were to be mobilized anytime throughout the year and eventually subjected to full-scale mobilization throughout the year.