일제강점 말기 ‘조선 주둔 일본군’ 상주사단의 韓人 병력동원 양상과 특징

Abstract

Imperial Japan had forcefully drafted Korean-then Joseon- nationals from April 1938 to 1945 until it is defeated in the war. Until today, a part of draft system, organization and cases in some regions on the draft by Japan were studied. Draft system and the nature of ‘residing Japanese troops in Korea’, however, were not well known which carried out draft in Korean peninsula. This paper has contemplated of the 19th Division and the 20th Division under ‘Residing Japanese troops’ and draft system and characteristics of each unit, per classification of service status, and each region. Japanese troop in Korea can be divided into Juchagun, Sangjugun and Bangmyeongun period for its residing type and military organization. What is not able here is that in accordance with changes of residing type, draft system and aspect were also changed. For example, unlike Juchagun period I which Japanese military were dispatched per one or two years regularly, military troops had to be made up for during sangjugun period by themselves. But as it was almost impossible for colonial Joseon to make up its own draft by itself, it was designed to draft army for the 19th Division from Sagwangu of eastern area of central Japan(Honshu) and the 20th Division from western area. Then, since April 1938 when draft of Korean male had begun, Army Troop Department was founded in each region. In 1939, there were 6 offices in cities such as Gyeongseong, Pyeongyang, Deagu, Gwangju, Nanam, and Hamheung. And in 1943, one office was built in each province so that the total 13 military offices were established. This is to model Japan’s One Prefecture One Office system. But unlike Japan in which defense area and draft area matched, each office were under ‘Joseon Miliraty Headquarter’ in Korea and draft and dispatch system were operated in unity. The number of drafted Korea males after 1938 was 11,000 and the number stand for confirmed cases only. Especially the 19th Division and the 20th Division that were stationed in Korean peninsula, it is found that 1,888 and 1,901 Korean men were belonged to in the year of 1945, respectively. These show some characteristics for its year of draft and military service. First of all, as each troops moved, the components of drafted Korean male were also changed. Secondly, as time went by, ratio of active duty soldiers increased. Third, there were more active duty soldiers in the 19th division than the 20th division and 20th division had more reserved army. Also its damage of forceful was very severe as 941 people which are 49.8% of drafted Korean male in the 19th division, and 1,592 people which are 84% of the drafted Korean male in the 20th division were dead.