전문가주의에 대한 대중의 지지와 그 영향 요인
Public Support for Technocracy and Its Determinants
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본 연구는 2024 한국거버넌스바로미터조사를 활용하여 전문가주의에 대한 대중의 지지와 그 영향 요인을 탐색하였다. 전문가주의는 정치적 의사결정에서 기술적 전문성과 효율성을 강조하는 거버넌스 형태로서 현대 사회의 복잡성 증가와 과학기술의 고도화에 따라 중요성이 부각되고 있으며, 민주적 거버넌스에 위기와 기회를 동시에 제공한다고 여겨진다. 거버넌스의 정당성과 지속가능성은 결국 대중의 수용과 지지에 기반하기 때문에, 전문가주의에 대한 대중의 인식을 탐색하는 것은 민주적 거버넌스로서 해당 체제의 가능성을 엿볼 수 있는 기회를 제공한다. 분석 결과, 전문가주의에 대한 지지는 대의 민주주의에 대한 선호보다 약간 낮은 수준을 나타냈다. 한편, 그 지지에 대한 영향 요인들을 분석한 결과, 전문가의 능력에 대한 인식과 행정기관에 대한 신뢰가 전문가주의 지지와 긍정적 상관관계를, 내적 정치효능감과 민주적 절차에 대한 중시가 부정적 상관관계를 보였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 전문가주의와 민주적 거버넌스 사이의 긴장과 동시에 공존의 가능성을 제시하면서 현대 사회가 직면한 복잡한 문제들을 해결하는 과정에서 민주적 요구와 더불어 전문적 지식에 대한 요청도 통합적으로 고려해야 할 필요성을 제기한다.
Abstract
This paper explored public support for technocracy and its determinants using the 2024 Korea Governance Barometer Survey. Technocracy, a form of governance emphasizing technical expertise and efficiency in a political decision-making process, has gained prominence amid growing complexity of science and technology in the modern era, posing both challenges and opportunities for democratic governance. Results of analysis shed light on the legitimacy of technocracy as a form of democratic governance. Findings of this paper revealed that support for technocracy was slightly lower than preferences for representative democracy. While both perceptions of experts’ competence and trust in government institutions were positively linked to support for technocracy, internal political efficacy and an emphasis on democratic procedures showed negative impacts. By highlighting not only the tension, but also the potential of coexistence of technocracy and democratic governance, these results emphasize the necessity of integrating democratic demands with professional expertise for addressing complex issues faced by a contemporary society.
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