Processing semantic and phonological factors in derivational morphology by Korean L2 learners of English: An ERP cross-modal priming study
1
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This paper examines L2 processing of derivational morphology in English. Derivational morphology in English is known to differ from inflectional morphology, in that unlike the latter whose well-known example is regular and irregular verbal morphology, the former varies in light of regularity. That is, derivational morphology does not display a categorical, regular and irregular distinction, but involves semantic and phonological/phonetic factors in shaping its various word structures. We focus on these aspects of derivational morphology to examine how Korean L2 learners of English comprehend semantic and phonological factors in processing derivational morphology. We use the event-related potentials (ERPs) paradigm to capture the finer-grained time course of processing it. It is shown in this paper that L2 learners of English start with processing both simple and derivationally complex words on the phonological level, as can be seen from the finding that only phonological/phonetic priming effects arise in the early N400 time window (324-400ms). But at the immediately following stage of processing they engage in processing derivationally complex words on the semantic level, as can be seen from the finding that only semantic priming effects arise in the late time interval (400-476ms). Since for L1 native speakers this semantic processing in fact starts in the early N400 time window, L2 learners of English are taken to be a little slower than L1 native speakers in processing derivationally complex words. Furthermore, unlike L1 native speakers, the L2 learners are found to have difficulty in understanding cumulative features of semantic and phonological/phonetic properties in processing morphologically related words.
Abstract
This paper examines L2 processing of derivational morphology in English. Derivational morphology in English is known to differ from inflectional morphology, in that unlike the latter whose well-known example is regular and irregular verbal morphology, the former varies in light of regularity. That is, derivational morphology does not display a categorical, regular and irregular distinction, but involves semantic and phonological/phonetic factors in shaping its various word structures. We focus on these aspects of derivational morphology to examine how Korean L2 learners of English comprehend semantic and phonological factors in processing derivational morphology. We use the event-related potentials (ERPs) paradigm to capture the finer-grained time course of processing it. It is shown in this paper that L2 learners of English start with processing both simple and derivationally complex words on the phonological level, as can be seen from the finding that only phonological/phonetic priming effects arise in the early N400 time window (324-400ms). But at the immediately following stage of processing they engage in processing derivationally complex words on the semantic level, as can be seen from the finding that only semantic priming effects arise in the late time interval (400-476ms). Since for L1 native speakers this semantic processing in fact starts in the early N400 time window, L2 learners of English are taken to be a little slower than L1 native speakers in processing derivationally complex words. Furthermore, unlike L1 native speakers, the L2 learners are found to have difficulty in understanding cumulative features of semantic and phonological/phonetic properties in processing morphologically related words.
참고문헌 (28)
- Bentin, Shlomo, "Event-related potentials, lexical decision and semantic priming", Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 60, pp.343~355 (1985)
- Bozic, Mirjana, "Differentiation morphology, form, and meaning: Neural correlates of morphological complexity", Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 19, pp.1464~1475 (2007)
- Feldman, Laurie Beth, "Are morphological effects distinguishable from the effects of shared meaning and shared form", Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26, pp.1431~1444 (2000)
- Feldman, Laurie Beth, "List context fosters semantic processing: Parallels between semantic and morphological facilitation when primes are forward masked", Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 34, pp.680~687 (2008)
- Fowler, Carol A, "Relations among regular and irregular morphologically related words in the lexicon as revealed by repetition priming", Memory and Cognition, 13, pp.241~255 (1985)
- Gold, Brian T., "Neural correlates of morphological decomposition during visual word recognition", Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 19, pp.1983~1993 (2007)
- Gonnerman, Laura M., "Graded semantic and phonological similarity effects in priming: Evidence for a distributed connectionist approach to morphology", Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 136, pp.323~345 (2007)
- Greenhouse, Samuel W., "On methods in the analysis of profile data", Psychometrika, 24, pp.95~112 (1959)
- Holcomb, J. Phillip, "Automatic and attentional processing: An event-related brain potential analysis of semantic processing", Brain and Language, 35, pp.66~85 (1988)
- Kempley, S. T., "The effects of priming with regularly and irregularly related words in auditory word recognition", British Journal of Psychology, 73, pp.441~454 (1982)
- Kielar, Aneta, "The role of semantic and phonological factors in word recognition: An ERP cross-modal priming study of derivational morphology", Neuropsychologia, 49, pp.161~177 (2011)
- Kutas, Marta, "Electrophysiology reveals semantic memory use in language comprehension", Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, pp.463~470 (2000)
- Lehtonen, Minna, "Recognition of morphologically complex words in Finish: Evidence from event-related potentials", Brain Research, 1148, pp.123~137 (2007)
- Marslen-Wilson, William, "Morphology and meaning in the English mental lexicon", Psychological Review, 101, pp.3~33 (1994)
- Marslen-Wilson, William D., "Early decomposition in visual word recognition: Dissociating morphology, form and meaning", Language and Cognitive Processes, 23, pp.394~421 (2008)
- McClelland, James L., "‘Words or rules’ cannot exploit the regularity in exceptions", Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, pp.464~465 (2002)
- Murrell, Graham A., "Word recognition and morphemic structure", Journal of Experimental Psychology, 102, pp.963~968 (1974)
- Napps, Shirley E., "Formal relationship among words and the organization of the mental lexicon", Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 16, pp.257~272 (1987)
- Napps, Shirley E., "Morphemispherespherec relationship in the lexicon: Are they distinct from semantic and formal relationship?", Memory and Cognition, 17, pp.729~739 (1989)
- Pinker, Steven, "The past and future of the past tense", Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, pp.456~463 (2002)
- Rastle, Kathleen, "Morphological and semantic effects in visual word recognition: A time-course study", Language and Cognitive Processes, 15, pp.507~537 (2000)
- Rastle, Kathleen, "The broth in my brother’s brothel: Morpho-orthographic segmentation in visual word recognition", Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 11, pp.1090~1098 (2004)
- Rueckl, Jay. G., "Morphological priming, fragment completion, and connectionist networks", Journal of Memory and Language, 36, pp.382~405 (1997)
- Rueckl, Jay G., "Are Corner and Brother morphologically complex? Not in the long term", Language and Cognitive Processes, 23, pp.972~1001 (2008)
- Rumelhart, David. E, "On learning the past tenses of English verbs, In Parallel distributed processing" (1986), MIT Press
- Stanners, Robert, "Memory representation for morphologically related words", Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 18, pp.399~412 (1979)
- Stolz, Jennifer A., "Levels of representation in visual word recognition: A dissociation between morphological and semantic processing", Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24, pp.1642~1655 (1998)
- Taft, Marcus, "Lexical storage and retrieval of prefixed words", Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 14, pp.638~647 (1975)