북한의 ‘계몽기동요’ 선정기준과 남·북 개작 양상 비교

Abstract

This study focuses on pre-Liberation songs that were shared in secret between North and South Korea, even under the barrier of a 70-year division in the aspect of a common cultural heritage between them. North Korea gave a common designation of songs during the Enlightenment period to children's songs, art songs, pop songs, and new folk songs enjoyed by the Korean people between the early 1920s and Liberation and began to reassess them in the middle of 1990s. This is a considerably different perspective from North Korea's old viewpoint that only Juche music based on Juche literary theory was true and had value. North Korea pointed out that their old attitude of unconditionally banning songs during the Enlightenment period was narrow-minded and put out an evaluation that songs during the Enlightenment period would help to fill the vacuum before Liberation. Their special focus was on anti-Japanese, patriotic, and independence ideas in the songs before Liberation. Since these songs can help understand the poetry of those times and the sentiment of the people correctly, they hold value as national music heritage despite the limitations of their revolutionary nature. The present study focuses on creative children's songs of songs during the Enlightenment period as all people, including men and women, the old and young, loved to sing them. A look at the list of children's songs during the Enlightenment period selected by North Korea shows that most of the songs are well-known children's songs in South Korea as well, but there is still a difference in viewpoints between North and South Korea. The representative children's songs selected by North Korea, in particular, include songs that were written by lyricists and composers that defected to North Korea and are relatively less known in South Korea. Songs from artists that defected to North Korea were banned in South Korea; thus, they were adapted. In the process of identifying and arranging songs during the Enlightenment period, North Korea raised issues with the adaptation patterns of these originals and made full scale objections. North Korea is, however, not free from these issues just like South Korea. Songs before Liberation are a common national heritage that needs to be enriched and preserved further through exchanges and collaborations between North and South Korea. While North Korea needs to identify more songs and enrich the vacuum before Liberation, South Korea needs to reassess lyricists and composers that defected to North Korea and bring back the names of forgotten original authors.