러시아 정당의 발전과 변화추이 - 정당의 민주적 정착과정을 중심으로 -
The Development and Change of Russian Political Parties
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본 논문의 목적은 1990년대 소연방 해체이후 발생한 러시아 정당의 변화와 이합집산 과정, 그리고 2000년대 이후 대통령과 두마의원 선거를 통하여 표출된 정당의 민주적 정착과정 간의 발전과 변화추이를 살펴보고자 하는데 있다. 1990년대 러시아의 정당은 과잉정당 국가과정과 다극화 과정, 그리고 다당적 이합집산과정을 거치면서 정당정치 발전의 기초를 제공하였으며, 2000년대 이후에는 대통령과 두마의원 선거를 거치면서 책임있는 정책정당으로 탈바꿈하는 소위 정당의 민주적 정착과정으로 이행되고 있다. 따라서 오늘날 러시아의 정당은 민주정당유형, 공산정당유형, 국수정당유형, 중도정당유형으로 유형화되고 있으며, 현재는 통합 러시아당, 공산당, 자유민주당, 공정한 러시아 당 등으로 대표되는 추세이다. 향후 다수의 군소 정당들은 이데올로기보다 현실적 정책에 의한 지지층의 변화에 따라 소멸, 흡수 통합 등의 방향으로 정리되어 갈 것으로 보인다.
Abstract
This paper reviews, the development and change of Russian political parties in it's trends from 1990s to 2009. In democratic political system, political parties are important mechanisms which citizen demands and groups interests are combined into the policy options to control over government. We can distinguish the development of Russian political party between over participation polarization, democratic adaptation and rebirth of multi parties. In 2004, Russia has around 50 registered political parties but only a few of them are electorally viable. Through the Presidential and Duma elections they vanished and registered several programmed parties during 2000's. As a party ideologies , there are Democratic parties, Communist parties , Nationalist parties and parties of the center. Democratic party means democracy and capitalist system in into program including union of Right Force and Yabloko. Communist party which represent Zyuganov, have succeeded in election of 1990s, but they are weakening more and more their support and face the crisis of exist. Nationalist parties leads by Zhrinovski got 11.5% in 2003 and 8.2% in 2007 election , But as a politician and candidate Zhrinovski failed several times to be a president of Russia. There are another Nationalist parties like Rodina by Glaz'ev and national Bolshevik party. It is also difficult to be a parties of the center in Russia political environment, but there was a motherland Russia which rebirthed to united Russia as a strong support for Putin.
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