공간-마련과 깃들임의 사유 : 하이데거 사유를 통해 본 도시 공간의 의미

Abstract

German philosopher Martin Heideger insists on the argument that the things are at the same time the places. He thereby turns down the traditional view since Aristotle that the place is a part of the space which a body occupies and that a body can only occupy a place and can't be the place itself. The purpose of this thesis is to search the fundamental solution for the numerous problems which occurs nowadays concerning city-space by investigating Heideggers notion of space in detail which can only be grasped on account of this concept of the place. To this purpose, the author of this thesis analysed the concept of 'Einräumen'(making {arrangement for} room) which Heidegger provided in Sein und Zeit (Being and Time). Ein-räumen is a human behavior which makes arrangement for the room in which man can settle down and dwell. The place to dwell in can be achieved through the act of Ein-räumen which can be done for beings ready-to-hand (das Zuhandene) and at the same time for human being (Dasein). For Dasein makes room for the beings ready-to-hand which can be met in the surroundings and also for himself by letting them into the region already discovered and thereby annihilating the distance between them and himself. This de-severance is not the reduction of physical distance, but of their distance from the ordinary life of Dasein. The creation of the concept of space through the aid of physical distance can be made possible only on the ground of such sort of de-severance. And this de-severance occurs when Dasein takes a direction through an already existing region. This directionality takes into account the world in which Dasein exists. Heidegger's renowned article 'Building Dwelling Thinking' which was published in the period of housing shortage in Germany was put into consideration in order to make clear the ontological meaning of human being's dwelling in a certain place. In oder also to applicate such meaning to the city-space, his concept of πόλις was taken into account which was mentioned and minutely analysed in such books as Hölderns Hymne: der Ister (Hölderlin's Hymn: The Ister), Einführung in die Metaphysik (Introduction to the metaphysics), Parmenides etc. From the result of this investigation, it was discovered that the important thing is not to secure effectively the physical space, but to take care of Dasein in order that he can live with neighbors in the mutual relation of concern (Besorgen) and solicitude (Fürsorge). Lastly, with a view to check the concrete meaning of the concept of city-space, we took a close look at a juridical decision of a local court of justice in Japan and at an analysis of it by a Japanese scholar of constitutional law. It was made clear through this inquiry that the starting point of making-room through concern and solicitude is the courage to anxiety and that the recovery of rights of residence in the city-space for the homeless who has the same right and duty concerning dwelling as ourselves can be achieved only on the ground of that courage.