변증법의 변증법적 운동 – 모순 변증법에서 코뮨 변증법으로

Abstract

This article investigates two issues while attempting to reconstitute the dialectic. First, this study reassesses the dialectics of Hegel and Marx, the representative modern dialectical thoughts, from the comtemporary perspectives. Second, it also reconsiders the critique of the dialectic by Deleuze that has most powerfully influenced the philosophical discourse on the dialectics in the late 20th century. Then, combining these two issues, this paper suggests a new conception of the dialectic in the conclusion. The “dialectic of contradiction” of Hegel, Marx and Lenin is the one on the real level, which conceptualizes ‘only’ the negativity and the antagonism of the modern civil society. It does not include the dialectical logic on the ideal level which is required in order to sublate this negative reality. In the dialectical thoughts of Hegel and Marx, I can find the different dialectical concept from the dialectic of contradiction, which I will call the “dialectic of commune.” This is the true idea of the dialectic. The historical origin of the commune was the medieval city, whose constitutive principal was the “free association of the free individuals.” The kernel of the critique of the dialectic by Deleuze consists in the argument that the opposition and contradiction oppress the difference. The difference, namely the singularity of the individual, is the highest value of Deleuzean philosophy. Philosophy of the difference is not outside of the dialectic of commune. The free association of the free individuals is the conceptual definition of the dialectic of commune. Thus this paper argues that the difference, the singularity of the individual, is nothing but the starting point and also the core of the dialectic of commune.