Censorship and Publication Laws in Manchukuo: Agents of Censorship and Thought Control
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This paper explores how censorship system was implemented in Manchukuo (1932-1945) at both the institutional and micro level and how it affected cultural production during the tumultuous years of colonial rule and resistance. In a perilous publishing milieu that banned politically sensitive language, Chinese writers from Manchukuo cloaked their resistance and anti-Japanese activities in creative linguistic devices and literary tropes. This study offers a detailed analysis of the Publication Laws on censorship in Manchukuo and then traces the magnitude of their impact on cultural production by citing examples of the consequences of any infringement and the power of editorship. The study addresses the sociopolitical milieu in which the Publication Laws were enacted in 1932 and then revised in 1934. The discussion develops in two parts: based on Yamamuro’s study, the first part accounts for the principal characteristics of the imperial censorship system to situate the Manchukuo case in its historical and cultural context. Furthermore, it delves into the censorship laws and describes the specific criteria for banning publication, the official agents of censorship, and the inexorable rise of editorial power over authors and authorship. Through an analysis of the structure of the publication laws, which banned politically sensitive messages, this study suggests that censorship ironically encouraged rather than stifled literary creativity by forcing authors to devise new forms of subversive language and writing so as to communicate their ideas.
Abstract
This paper explores how censorship system was implemented in Manchukuo (1932-1945) at both the institutional and micro level and how it affected cultural production during the tumultuous years of colonial rule and resistance. In a perilous publishing milieu that banned politically sensitive language, Chinese writers from Manchukuo cloaked their resistance and anti-Japanese activities in creative linguistic devices and literary tropes. This study offers a detailed analysis of the Publication Laws on censorship in Manchukuo and then traces the magnitude of their impact on cultural production by citing examples of the consequences of any infringement and the power of editorship. The study addresses the sociopolitical milieu in which the Publication Laws were enacted in 1932 and then revised in 1934. The discussion develops in two parts: based on Yamamuro’s study, the first part accounts for the principal characteristics of the imperial censorship system to situate the Manchukuo case in its historical and cultural context. Furthermore, it delves into the censorship laws and describes the specific criteria for banning publication, the official agents of censorship, and the inexorable rise of editorial power over authors and authorship. Through an analysis of the structure of the publication laws, which banned politically sensitive messages, this study suggests that censorship ironically encouraged rather than stifled literary creativity by forcing authors to devise new forms of subversive language and writing so as to communicate their ideas.
참고문헌 (15)
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