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The Impact of Tourism on the Ecological Footprint: Evidence from the Middle Eastern Destinations

Song, Xinshuo|Uprasen, Utai
국제학연구소 (The Keimyung Institute for International Studies)|2024.12|국제학논총 (JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES)|제40권 |pp. 119-166|DOI 10.22971/jois.40..202412.119

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참고문헌

키워드

중동Tourism관광ARDL 모형Ecological FootprintMiddle EastARDL ModelToda-Yamamoto causality tests생태 발자국Toda-Yamamoto 인과 검정

초록

This study examines the impact of tourism on the ecological footprint (EF) in five Middle Eastern countries-Türkiye, Lebanon, Jordan, Cyprus, and Egypt-using the ARDL model and the Toda-Yamamoto causality test. Results indicate that while tourism increases the EF in Egypt, it mitigates environmental impact in Jordan, Türkiye, Lebanon, and Cyprus, possibly due to green tourism policies and sustainability-focused governance. Among the control variables, GDP per capita worsens ·environmental degradation in Türkiye, Lebanon, and Jordan but positively impacts Cyprus and Egypt. Energy consumption significantly drives the EF in most countries, particularly where fossil fuel reliance is high, as in Cyprus and Egypt. Trade openness yields mixed results, facilitating environmental improvements in Egypt while increasing the EF in Türkiye and Jordan. The study underscores the need for targeted environmental policies in tourism and suggests the importance of regional collaboration to promote sustainable development in the Middle East.

Abstract

This study examines the impact of tourism on the ecological footprint (EF) in five Middle Eastern countries-Türkiye, Lebanon, Jordan, Cyprus, and Egypt-using the ARDL model and the Toda-Yamamoto causality test. Results indicate that while tourism increases the EF in Egypt, it mitigates environmental impact in Jordan, Türkiye, Lebanon, and Cyprus, possibly due to green tourism policies and sustainability-focused governance. Among the control variables, GDP per capita worsens ·environmental degradation in Türkiye, Lebanon, and Jordan but positively impacts Cyprus and Egypt. Energy consumption significantly drives the EF in most countries, particularly where fossil fuel reliance is high, as in Cyprus and Egypt. Trade openness yields mixed results, facilitating environmental improvements in Egypt while increasing the EF in Türkiye and Jordan. The study underscores the need for targeted environmental policies in tourism and suggests the importance of regional collaboration to promote sustainable development in the Middle East.

참고문헌 (55)

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