최고경영자 팀 다양성과 기업수명주기가 기술혁신활동 유형에 미치는 영향
Effects of TMT Diversity and Corporate Life Cycle on the Types of Technology Innovation Activity
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초록
최고경영자 팀(TMT)이 기업의 기술혁신활동에 미치는 영향에 대한 선행연구들에서는 최고경영자 팀이 연구개발(R&D)투자에 미치는 영향을 분석했는데, 이는 차별적인 특성을 가질 수 있는 세분화된 기술혁신활동 유형에 미치는 TMT에 영향을 구분하지 않고 분석한 결과라는 측면에서 제한적인 시사점을 제공하고 있다. 본 연구는 선행연구들의 이 같은 한계점을 극복하고 보다 가치 있는 시사점을 제공하기 위하여 TMT 나이와 임기의 다양성이 제품혁신과 공정혁신으로 구분한 기업의 기술혁신활동 유형에 미친 영향을 비교하여 분석하고, 이들 관계에 대한 기업수명주기의 조절효과를 분석하는데 주된 목적을 두고 실행되었다. 한국과학기술정책연구원(STEPI)의 2014년도 한국기업 혁신조사자료, (주)NICE평가정보의 기업정보, 금융감독원 전자공시시스템에서 수집한 국내 120개 제조기업 자료들에 대한 다중회귀분석 결과에 따르면 TMT 나이다양성은 기업이 제품혁신보다 공정혁신을 더 선호하게 되는 요인으로 작용하는 반면, 임기다양성은 공정혁신보다 제품혁신을 더 선호하게 되는 요인으로 작용하였다. 또한 기업수명주기가 성장기인 기업들에서 보다 성숙기인 기업들에서 TMT 다양성과 혁신활동들 간의 이 같은 관계들이 더 중대한 것으로 나타났다. 연구의 분석결과는 TMT와 기술혁신 분야의 발전에 도움이 되는 학문적인 시사점들과 함께, 효과적인 기술혁신활동의 선택과 실행을 통해 빠르게 변화되는 경영환경에서 새로운 핵심역량과 경쟁우위 요소를 지속적으로 개발하고 활용해야 하는 국내 제조사들에게 실무적인 차원의 유용한 시사점을 제공하고 있다.
Abstract
The Prior researches on the relationship between TMT diversity and innovation have primarily focused on identifying the influence on R&D investments, while they do not explore the effects on the types of innovation activities. Furthermore, the impact of corporate life cycle on the strategic choice of firms have not examined by prior researches while there has been a great deal of concern about corporate life cycle in the academic and businesses communities. This study is designed to overcome these limitations of prior researches. In particular, this study aims to analyze the effect of TMT age and tenure diversity on company's product innovation and process innovation and also the moderating effect of corporate life cycle on these relationships. The findings in multiple regression analysis show that TMT age diversity and tenure diversity have a differential effect on technological innovation activities of Korean manufacturing firms. Specifically, TMT age diversity has a more significant impact on process innovation than the product innovation, whereas TMT tenure diversity has a more significant impact on product innovation than process innovation. They also reveal that the relationship between TMT age diversity and innovation activity and also the relationship between TMT tenure diversity and innovation activity were more significant in the firms of mature stage compared to the firms in growth stage.
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