『중국민약정의』에서의 개인과 국가-中古를 중심으로-

Abstract

The period of middle-ancient defined by Liushipei is from the Han Dynasty to the Song Dynasty. At that time China was governed by the autocrat or the Emperor who is equally treated as the nation. In this respect, the people and the nation are belong to the Emperor. This is an epoch-marking event that some of theorists emphasize the right of individual under the regime of autocrat. Liushipei evaluated the Chinese theorists' democratic thought and described his democratic ideology in his Essence of Chinese Social Contract, as follows. First of all, they emphasized that the people is more important than any the autocrat. Second, they pointed out that the responsibility of autocrat is important in the comment on Luchun(陸淳). Finally, they accentuated the right of people, in particular the right of organize by Chengzi(程子), the legislative power by Lushangshan(陸象山). Liushipei believed that the owner of nation is the people instead of the ruler. In this term, he dissented the concept of 'Sunyang(禪讓),' which the ruler gives his ruling power to any one. Also, he corrected the concept of 'allegiance to the nation(忠)‘ and 'heinous treason(大逆無道)’ which were adapted by unconditionally. Liushipei saw that the realization of the autocrat politics is caused by the people who has not his political right. This argument changed the existence belief that the power of ruler comes from the Emperor. However, the points of Liushipei have a limit that he couldn't provide the reason why 'democratic ideology' did not externalize under the autocrat system.