許敬菴과 周海門의 九諦九解 論辯 고찰

Abstract

Teaching in Four Phrases is the primary doctrine which embodied the concise and central contents in the philosophy of Wang Yangming but its connotative meaning aroused many controversies according to the difference of Wang Yangming’s scholars’ understanding and interpretation. Most of all, the typical dispute is on Siyou(Four exist) and Siwu(Four absence) of Qian Xushan and Wang Longxi, and is solved through Tianquan Zhengdao of Wang Yangming. Afterward, the discussion on Teaching in Four Phrases arose for a while in Wang Yang-Ming's disciples. However, when Zhou Haimen, an Wang Longxi’s disciple, emphasized soundly the nothing goodness and the nothing badness in Tianquan Zhengdao through the meeting for open lecture in Nanjing, Hsu Chingan, criticized a writer of Tang yian, Wang Longxi’s Siwu(Four absence) as nine criticisms, and Zhou Haimen refuted Hsu Chingan’s argument as nine refutations. Therefore, the discussion of teaching in four phrases is reopened between Hsu Chingan and Zhou Haimen. In the discussion of nine criticisms and nine refutations, Hsu Chingan criticized consistently Zhou Haimen’ Siwu(Four absence) by basing on the theory that human nature is fundamentally good but Zhou Haimen refuted actively Hsu Chingan’s argument by regarding the Xinti(Reality of Mind) of nothing goodness and nothing badness and the effort of the theory to act goodness and to remove badness as the complementary relation. The difference between the discussion of nine criticisms and nine refutations and the theory to act goodness and to remove Zhou Haimen’ Siwu(Four absence)adness is that Hsu Chingan based on the theory that human nature is fundamentally good and criticized the Xinti(Reality of Mind) of nothing goodness and nothing badness and the Wang Longxi’s Siwu(Four absence). By this, the discussion between Hsu Chingan and Zhou Haimen can not search for a solution. Neverthless, the discussion on Hsu Chingan and Zhou Haimen’s nine criticisms and nine refutations cause to recognize again the importance of Xinti(Reality of Mind) and effort that was neglected in Wang Yang-Ming's disciples but also have scholars introspect the academic meaning of Wang Yang-Ming's Teaching in Four Phrases.