주요 어류의 동태적 수요체계 분석
An Analysis of Dynamic Demand System for Major Fishes
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초록
식품 소비에 있어 어류가 주요한 단백질의 공급원으로서 역할이 증대됨에 따라 기존 육류 중심으로 이루어졌던 수요분석 연구가 어류를 포함한수산물까지 확대되어 다양한 연구결과가 발표되고 있다. 그럼에도 불구 어류 수요분석에 대한 기존 연구들은 소비량 및 가격데이터 등 데이터 확보의어려움으로 도매 혹은 소매 단계의 시장수요를 추정하여 소비자 개인의 수요함수를 추정하지 못한 한계를 가지고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 주요어종의 1인당 소비량과 소비자가격 데이터로 DAIDS (Dynamic Almost Ideal Demand System) 모형을 활용하여 개별 소비자의 수요함수를 추정함으로써기존 연구와 차별성을 두었다. 실증 분석 결과, 소득탄력성의 경우 멸치가 가장 크고 오징어, 고등어, 갈치, 명태 순으로 멸치를 제외하고는 소득변화에비탄력적이었다. 자체가격탄력성은 품목 간 다소 차이가 있지만 5개 품목 모두 자체가격에 대해 비탄력적이었으며, 어종 간 교차가격탄력성은 고등어와갈치, 갈치와 멸치를 제외하고는 상호보완 관계가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 우리나라에서 주요 소비되는 어종이 서로 대체하기 보다는 상호보완적인 관계로 수산물 소비가 단일 품목으로 이루어지기 보다는 다양한 수산물과 함께 이루어지기 때문인 것으로 판단된다.
Abstract
As the role of seafood as a source of protein becomes more important, existing demand analysis centered on meat have been expanded to seafood including fish, and various research results have been published. Nevertheless, existing fish demand analysis studies have a limitation in that it is difficult to secure data such as consumption and price data, so it is difficult to estimate demand in the wholesale or retail stage and to estimate the demand function of individual consumers. Therefore, this study differentiated it from previous studies by estimating the demand function of individual consumers using the DAIDS (Dynamic Almost Ideal Demand System) model as per capita consumption and consumer price data for major fish species. As a result of the analysis, in the case of income elasticity, anchovies were the largest, and in the order of squid, mackerel, hairtail, and pollack, except for anchovies, they were inelastic to income change. Although the own price elasticity differs between species, all five species were inelastic about the price, and the cross-price elasticity between the species was analyzed to have a complementary relationship except for mackerel, hairtail, and anchovies. This is judged to be because the fish species mainly consumed in Korea are complementary rather than replacing each other, and seafood consumption is accompanied by various species rather than just one.
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