사양토 조건에서 지중점적 관수･관비 처리가 감자 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향
Effects on Potato Growth and Productivity by Subsurface Drip Irrigation and Fertigation in Sandy Loam Soil
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초록
지중점적 관수･관비 시스템은 지구온난화로 인한 물 부족과 낮은 토양비옥도 문제에 대응하기 위한 효율적인 방법의 하나로 주목받고있다. 그러나, 국내 식량작물에 대한 지중점적 관수 효과, 특히 지중점적 관비와의 결합에 대한 이해와 관련 시스템 개발은 여전히 미미하다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 표면 관수 및 시비(CF)와 비교하여 지중점적 관수 및 관비 처리(SSF)에 따른 감자(Solanum tuberosum L.)의성장 및 수량 특성을 측정하였다. 지중점적 처리를 위해, 경상국립대학교 실험 포장(583 m2)에서 점적관(Ø 14.1 ㎜, 1.6 L h-1)을 80㎝ 간격으로 깊이 40 ㎝에 매설하였다. 감자의 표준 시비량(N-P-K: 100-88-130 ㎏ ha-1) 중 일정량 기비(N-P-K: 50-48-90 ㎏ ha-1)후, 잔여 시비량인 N-P-K: 50-40-40 kg ha-1을 괴경형성기와 괴경비대기에 절반씩 나누어 관비하였다. 감자 생육 특성 중 초장은 지중점적처리구에서 가장 길게 나타났으나, 경직경은 대조구에서 가장 두껍게 나타났다. 총 수량과 상서용 수량은 각각 대조구에서 38.6 Mgha-1, 27.4 Mg ha-1로 지중점적처리구와 비교하여 총 수량은 14.0%, 상서용 수량은 20.8% 높게 나타났다. 지중점적 관수 후 깊이 80㎝까지의 토양 단면조사에 따른 수분 분포는 10~35%의 수분함량을 보였으며, 모세관 확산 현상에 의해 중력으로 인한 수분의 하강이우세하게 나타났다. 따라서, 사양토 조건에서 지중점적관수･관비 처리에 따른 감자의 생육과 물의 이동은 투입비용과 에너지 효율성을고려한 작물 생산성을 높기기 위해 지중점적 관수시스템, 매설 깊이나 관수방법 등에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in subsurface drip irrigation as one of the practices to efficiently solve problems associated with agriculturalwater shortage due to global warming and declining soil fertility. However, our understanding of subsurface irrigation effects on domesticfood crop, especially when combined with subsurface fertigation is still limited. We measured the growth characteristics and yieldcomponents of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) under subsurface drip irrigation and fertigation (SSF), compared with conventional surfaceirrigation and fertigation (CF). For SSF drip pipes (Ø 14.10 ㎜, 1.6 L h-1) were placed with the depth of 40 ㎝. The pipeline intervals were 80 ㎝ at the experiment farm of Gyeongsang National University. The recommended fertilizer rate for potatoes (N-P-K : 100-88-130㎏ ha-1) was split-applied with N-P-K : 50-48-90 kg ha-1 before sowing, the remaining amount (N-P-K: 50-40-40 kg ha-1) was supplya tuber formation stage and enlargement stage with subsurface drip fertigation. Plant length was found to be the longest by SSF. but,while stem diameter was the thickest under CF. Total yield and marketable tuber yield were 38.6 FW Mg ha-1 and 27.4 FW Mg ha-1,respectively, under CF, which were greater by 14.0% and 20.8% compared to those under SSF. Water distribution measured acrossa soil profile down to 80 ㎝ ranged from 10% to 35% following subsurface drip irrigation, that the dominant gravitational movementof water from the subsurface irrigation depth campared to moving from dripping point to soil surface by capillary diffusion of water. The growth characteristics and water movement suggest that further research in subsurface irrigation system is needed to increase waterirrigation efficiency and crop productivity in sandy loam soil.
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