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표현체학 시대의 경제 동물 육종

Livestock Animal Breeding in the Phenomic Era

오상현|장재철
농업생명과학연구원 (Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University)|2023|농업생명과학연구 (Journal of Agriculture & Life Science)|제57권 제2호|pp. 1-10

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키워드

Precision센서LivestockSensorImage Analysis이미지 분석정밀축산표현체학Phenomics

초록

식량 생산량은 지난 반세기 동안 세 배로 증가했다. 세계의 인구는 30억에서 70억으로 증가했고, 기대수명은 46세에서 65세로 증가했다. 전세계 가축 생산량이 56% 증가한 것은 가축 개량 덕분이다. 2050년에 세계 인구는 98억 명으로 추정되므로, 생산량은 현재 두 배 이상 증가해야한다. 경제 동물의 수가 증가하고 생산자의 수가 감소함에 따라, 생산자는 농장을 관리하고 통제해야 할 동물이 더 많아졌다. 농장의 사육밀도가높으면 개체 간 질병 발생과 성장 능력 저하를 가속화할 수 있으며, 이는 제품의 질을 해칠 뿐만 아니라 동물 복지에 대한 심각한 우려를 불러일으킬수 있다. 1980년대 후반에 기술을 통해 토양 사용을 극대화하는 동시에 환경 영향을 줄이기 위해 작물 시스템에 정밀 농업(PA)이 도입되었다. 이해해야 할 중요한 것은 PA가 효율성을 극대화하고 환경 피해를 최소화한다는 목표와 함께 동물 산업과 같은 모든 농업 생산 시스템에 적용된다는것이다. 동물 산업에서 PA의 예로는 생산과 동물 관리의 효율성을 향상시키고, 동물 복지 및 건강에 대한 우려를 해결하며, 환경 손상과 자원사용을 최소화하는 데 전념하는 정밀 축산 농업이 있다. 특히 널리 보급된 것은 이미지 분석, 동물 실시간 모니터링, 센서, 이미지 및 기록으로부터의데이터 수집과 같은 고급 기술의 사용이다. 본 연구의 목적은 농장의 생산성과 관리를 향상시키면서, 동물 육종 시스템에 적용가능한 신기술을살펴보는 것이다

Abstract

Food production has tripled in the past half-century. The world's population increased from 3 to 7 billion, and life expectancy increasedfrom 46 to 65. The 56% increase in global livestock production is due to livestock improvement. The world's population is estimatedto be 9.8 billion in 2050, so the production should more than double now. With an increasing number of food animals and a decreasingnumber of farmers, farmers and their farms are left with more animals to manage and control. Higher density in farms can acceleratethe occurrences of disease and lack of performance among food animals, not only damaging food quality but also raising serious concernsfor animal welfare. In the late 1980s, Precision Agriculture (PA) in cropping systems was introduced to maximize soil use through technologywhile reducing environmental impacts. Important to understand is that PA, along with its goal of maximizing efficiency and minimizingenvironmental damage, applies to any agricultural production system, such as the animal industry. An example of PA in the animal industryis Precision Livestock Farming, devoted to improving the efficiency of production and animal management, addressing concerns of animalwelfare and health, and minimizing environmental damage and resource use. Especially widespread is the use of advanced techniquessuch as image analyses, real-time monitoring of animals, and data collection from sensors, images, and recordings. The objective of thisstudy is to examine emerging technologies applicable to animal breeding systems while improving farm productivity and management.

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