콩의 생육시기에 따른 토양별 지중관수 공급량의 설계
Design of Subsurface Drip Irrigation Supply by Type of Soil according to the Growth Period of Soybeans
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초록
지중점적 관수(subsurface drip irrigation, SDI)는 작물의 뿌리가 수분을 가장 쉽고 효과적으로 이용할 수 있는 방법으로 알려져 있다. 그러나지중관수는 지표면 관수와 달리 수분의 공급 상태를 육안으로 확인하기 어려운 단점이 있다. 특히 작물의 뿌리가 수분을 흡수할 수 있는 유효수분량은 토양에 따라 달라지고 동시에 수분을 보유하는 장력(potential energy)에도 영향을 미치게 된다. 지중관수는 지중에서 수분이 확산되는 위치와 뿌리의 위치까지 도달될 때 효과가 발생한다. 그러나 실제로 토양 내부에서 수분이 이동하고 확산하는 것을 예측하기는 쉽지 않다. 따라서본 연구에서는 토양의 조건을 일정하게 하고 토층을 파괴시키지 않기 위해 토양조를 이용하였다. 그리고 수분을 지중에 공급한 이후에 토양을절개하고 토양의 내부 위치별 토양수분을 측정하였다. 이때 토양 내부의 수분함량이 동일한 분포선을 찾아 유효 수분영역을 구하고 공급한 지중관수량과 비교하였다. 아울러 토양내부의 습윤 확산 형태와 수분량으로 부터 토성에 따른 수분 확산이론을 예측하였다. 여기서 얻어진 수분확산예측선도와 콩의 생육 시기별 뿌리의 생장위치를 중첩하여 최종적으로 지중관수량을 구하였다. 콩의 뿌리 생육은 파종이후 일일 평균 10 mm 성장한 것으로 나타나 생육 초기에 10일 간격으로 지중관수 공급량을 설계하였다. 주요 결과는 미사질양토에서 유효수분량을 25-35%로 유지하기위해, 생육초기인 파종후 10일에는 8000 mL, 파종후 20일에는 7000 mL, 파종후 30일에는 6500 mL를 공급해야 할 것으로 판단되었다. 사질토에서는 유효수분량을 20-30%로 유지하려면 파종후 10일에는 7500 mL, 파종후 20일에는 6500 mL, 파종후 30일에는 6000 mL를 공급하는것이 타당한 것으로 판단되었다. 또한 생육 30일 이후에는 미사질양토나 사질토 모두 6000 mL를 공급하는 것이 적절할 것으로 보여 진다.
Abstract
Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is known as the easiest and most effective method for the roots of crops to use moisture. However, unlike surface irrigation, subsurface drip irrigation has a disadvantage that it is difficult to visually check the supply state of moisture. In particular, the effective amount of moisture that the root of the crop can absorb moisture varies depending on the soil, and at the same time, it affects the tension that holds moisture. Subsurface drip irrigation occurs when it reaches the location of moisture diffusion and the location of the root. However, it is not easy to predict the movement and diffusion of moisture inside the soil. Therefore, in this study, soil tides were used to keep the conditions of the soil constant and not destroy the soil layer. In addition, after moisture was supplied to the ground, the soil was incised and soil moisture by internal location of the soil was measured. At this time, the distribution line with the same moisture content inside the soil was found to obtain an effective moisture area and compared with the supplied subsurface drip irrigation water supply. In addition, the theory of moisture diffusion according to saturn was predicted from the wet diffusion form and moisture content inside the soil. The water diffusion prediction line obtained here and the growth position of the roots by the growth period of soybeans were overlapped to finally obtain the subsurface drip irrigation water supply. The root growth of soybeans was found to have grown by an average of 10 mm per day after sowing, so the supply of subsurface drip irrigation water was designed at intervals of 10 days in the early stages of growth. The main result was that in order to maintain the effective moisture content at 25-35%, 8,000 mL should be supplied on the 10th day after sowing, 7,000 mL on the 20th day after sowing, and 6500 mL on the 30th day after sowing. In sandy soil, it was considered reasonable to supply 7500 mL on the 10th day after sowing, 6500 mL on the 20th day after sowing, and 6000 mL on the 30th day after sowing to maintain the effective moisture content at 20-30%. In addition, it would be appropriate to supply 6,000 mL of both silt soil and sandy soil after 30 days of growth.
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