열처리가 데크용 수입 목재의 색상 및 경도에 미치는 영향
Effect of Heat Treatment on the Color and Hardness of Some Imported Wood Species for Decking
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본 연구는 목재 데크에 사용되는 수입 목재들의 열처리 특성을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 꾸마루, 꾸메아, 말라스, 바스랄로커스, 아피통,이페, 자토바, 켐파스를 대상으로 열처리 목재를 제조한 후 처리조건에 따른 재색변화 및 경도를 조사하였다. 총 9가지 처리조건(처리온도: 170,190, 210 ℃, 처리시간: 1, 3, 5 hours)에서 열처리 시편을 제조하였으며 2주간 20℃, 60% 상대습도 조건에서 조습한 후 재색과 쇼어 D 경도를측정하였다. 처리온도와 처리시간이 증가함에 따라 목재의 중량은 감소하였고 재색은 짙어지는 것으로 나타났다. 중량 감소가 가장 적은 수종은꾸마루로, 210℃에서 5시간 열처리 시 약 12%의 중량 감소를 보였다. 반면, 중량 감소가 가장 많은 수종은 아피통으로, 약 23%의 중량 감소를나타냈다. 재색 변화는 처리온도 및 처리시간이 증가함에 따라 가속되었지만 210℃에서 3시간 이상의 열처리에서는 색상차가 크지 않았기 때문에최종 재색에 거의 도달한 것으로 판단되었다. 수종에 따른 차이는 존재하지만 열처리를 통해서 얻을 수 있는 색상차는 대략 30 이하인 것으로나타났다. 쇼어 D 경도는 170℃, 1시간 열처리한 일부 시편의 경우 증가하기도 하였으나 온도와 시간의 증가에 따라 감소하였다. 최대 열처리조건에서 말라스는 13%, 켐파스는 43%의 쇼어 D 경도 감소를 보여 수종의 특성에 따라 상당한 차이가 있는 것으로 판단된다.
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the heat treatment characteristics of imported woods used for wooden decks. After manufacturingheat-treated wood from apitong, basralocus, cumaru, cumea, ipe, jatoba, kempas, and malas, the color change and hardness accordingto the treatment conditions were investigated. Heat-treated specimens were manufactured under a total of 9 treatment conditions (treatmenttemperature: 170, 190, 210°C, treatment time: 1, 3, 5 hours), and after conditioning at 20°C and 60% relative humidity for 2 weeks,the color and shore-D hardness were measured. As the treatment temperature and time increased, the weight of the wood decreased,and the color darkened. The species with the least weight loss was cumaru, showing about 12% weight loss when thermally treatedat 210°C for 5 hours. On the other hand, the species with the most weight loss was apitong, showing about 23% weight loss. Althoughthe color change accelerated with the increase in treatment temperature and time, it was judged that the final color was reached becausethere was almost a slight difference after thermal treatment at 210°C for more than 3 hours. Although there are differences dependingon the wood species, the color difference obtained through heat treatment was found to be less than 30. Shore-D hardness increasedin some specimens treated at 170°C for 1 hour, but decreased with the increase in temperature and time. Under the maximum heat-treatmentconditions, Malas showed a shore-D hardness value of 13%, and Kempas showed 43%, indicating a large difference in hardness reductiondepending on the wood species.
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