식민시대 볼리비아 사회와 노동체계의 특징
Society and labor system in colonial Bolivia
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1492년부터 신대륙에서 토지의 전유, 노동착취, 국제관계, 지식과 주체성 등을 통해 제국의 식민적 권력 매트릭스가 구축되었고, 기독교 복음화, 문명화, 근대화, 세계화 등 시대의 변화에 적응하면서 제국은 그들의 지배를 유지ㆍ확대하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 스페인의 강제노동 제도가 볼리비아 식민시대의 노동체계에 어떻게 구현되었는지 그리고 원주민이 어떻게 그러한 상황에 대응했는지를 살펴보고자 한다. 특히 강제노동 방식으로서 엔꼬미엔다와 미따(Mita)를 중심으로 포토시, 오루로(Oruro), 꼬차밤바, 삘라야빠스빠야(Pilaya y Paspaya) 지역의 사례에서 노동구성과 특징을 살펴보고자 한다. 이에 제2장에서는 식민시대 볼리비아 사회의 특징으로서 엔꼬미엔다와 미따를 살펴본다. 제3장에서는 식민시대 볼리비아 노동체계의 특징을 분석한다. 제4장은 결론부분으로서 볼리비아 식민시대의 노동체계의 특징과 사회의 함의를 논의하고자 한다.
Abstract
From the Columbus’ journey in 1492 the empire has established its power matrix in the New World through the confiscation of land, exploitation of labor, manipulation of international relations, and the appropriation of knowledge and subjectivity. The empire has endeavored to intensify its dominance by adapting to new challenges which include evangelization, civilization,modernization and globalization. This article aims to comprehend how Spanish forced labor systems transformed the labor relations of colonial Bolivia. It also inquires how native people in Bolivia confronted to such changes. Specifically,this article examines encomienda and mita system in Potosi, Oruro,Cochabamba, and Pilaya y Paspay. In chapter 2, this article concentrates on analyzing encomienda andmita of colonial Bolivia. In chapter 3, it examines labor systems of colonial Bolivia in general. In chapter 4, this article concludes by discussing the impact and implications of colonial labor system in the colonial Bolivian society.
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