브라질 군정에서 민정으로의 정치적 이행 요인들: 1964-1985
Political Transition Factors from Brazilian Military Regime to Civilian: 1964-1985
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브라질은 1985년에 불완전한 민주화를 성취했다. 이후 브라질은 민주화라는 토대 위에서, 카르도주 정부와 룰라 정부를 거치면서 세계 경제규모 6위에 이르렀다. 만약 민주화가 브라질의 경제성장과 사회발전에 기여했다면, 1985년 민주화 과정의 이해는 오늘날의 브라질 이해에핵심이라 할 수 있다. 1930년에 쿠데타가 발생했고 그 주도세력이 제툴리우 바르가스(Getúlio Vargas)를 임시대통령으로 지명했다. 이후 바르가스는 15년(1930-1945) 동안 권위주의적인 방식으로 국가를 통치했다. 그러나 제2차 세계대전이 끝나면서 권위주의적 국가 통치에 대한 국민의 염증으로 인해, 브라질은 19년(1945-1964) 동안 민주주의를 실험하는 역동적인 시기를 겪었다. 민주주의 실험이라는 혼란 속에서 1964년 군부가 쿠데타로 정권을 잡게 되면서 21년(1964-1985) 동안 군부정권의 권위주의적 시기가 또다시 도래하게 되었다. 이후 브라질 사회는군부정권의 누적된 모순과 적대 속에서 1985년에 불완전한 민주화를 이룩했다. 본 연구는 브라질에서 1964-1985년 동안 군부정권에서 민주주의로 정치이행을 연구하고자 한다.
Abstract
Brazil achieved incomplete democratization in 1985. Brazil, on the basis of democratization, reached the 6th place of the world economy through the government of Cardozo and the government of Lula. If democratization contributed to the economic growth and social development of Brazil, the understanding of the process of democratization in 1985 is crucial to the understanding of Brazil today. In the wake of coup in 1930, Getúlio Vargas ruled an authoritarian country for 15 years (1930-1945). However, ending the Second World War, due to the inflammation of the citizens of the authoritarian state ruled undergo a dynamic time to experiment with democracy for 19 years (1945-1964). In the confusion of the early 1960s, the military regime returned to power for 21years (1964-1985) in 1964 as the military junta seized power in 1964. Since then, the cumulative contradictions and hostility of Brazilian society have resulted in incomplete democratization in 1985. The study aims to examine the political transition from Brazilian military rule to democracy in 1985. Chapter II analyzes the process and why of the Goulart government (1961-1964) in terms of political implementation. Chapter III explains why the military regime (1964-1985) was involved in the process of Brazilian politics and the achievements and characteristics of the military regime. Chapter IV, analyzes the transition from military regimes to democracy in economic, political, and social perspectives. The final Chapter, as a conclusion, tries to address the implications of political transition in Brazil.
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