『돈키호테』 비평: 19세기까지 근대소설 담론의 형성 과정
The criticism of Don Quijote as a modern novel until the 19th century
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초록
이 논문은 스페인에서 『돈키호테 비평』이 시작된 이래 19세기까지 근대소설 담론이 형성되는 과정을 다룬다. 『돈키호테』는 17세기에 기사 소설의 풍자였고, 18세기에는 서사시가 되었다가 19세기 근대소설 담론에 이르렀다. 비평의 전제는 작가, 작품, 스페인의 일체화된 위대함이었다. 신고전주의 비평은 스페인 안팎에서 근대소설 담론의 안티테제 역할을 했다. 근대소설 담론은 낭만주의에서 시작되었고, 스페인 내 비평에서도 이미 작가의 천재성과 작품의 독창성이 새로운 위대함으로 제시되었다. 근대소설 담론은 낭만주의와 스페인 내 DQ 비평의 동조화를 통해 만들어졌다. 근대소설은 인간과 세계의 이중성을 통해 근대 이전의 문학과 차별화했고, 이중성은 근대소설 담론과 위대함의 일체화를 완성하게 된다. 하지만 19세기 스페인 비평의 흐름은 실증주의가 주도하고 있었고, 근대소설 담론은 더 진행되지 못했다.
Abstract
This study deals with the criticism of Don Quixote as a Modern Novel in Spain from the 18th century until the 19th century. Don Quixote was a satire of knight romance in the 17th century, and it became an epic poem in the 18th century, leading to the modern novel in the 19th century. The premise of the criticism was the unified greatness of Cervantes, Don Quixote, and Spain. Neoclassical criticism served as an antithesis for the discourse of modern novels both inside and outside Spain. The discourse of modern novels began with Romanticism, and the genius of the author and the originality of the work were already presented as new greatness in Spanish criticism. Created through the synchronization of Romanticism and DQ criticism in Spain, modern novel differentiated themselves from pre-modern literature through this dual consciousness about humans and the world. This duality completes the discourse of modern novels and the unity of greatness. However, the trend of Spanish criticism in the 19th century was led by positivism, and the discourse of modern novels did not proceed further.
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