조선과 러시아의 환동해 접경해역을 둘러싼 갈등 -1936년 함경북도와 연해주의 어업을 중심으로-

Abstract

East Sea Rim has disclosed complicated modern history with South Korea, North Korea, Russia, China, Japan and the U.S as countries involved. Especially, the border area was a venue for cross-border, among-region exchanges and conflicts. As the Maritime Province was registered as Russian territory, the Korean Peninsula and Russia were bordered by Tumen River. Russia restricted the rights of fishery and navigation by setting territorial waters of the Maritime Province. In modern times, the conflict on East Sea seemed to be reduced as Japan territorialized Sakhalin and colonized Korea after Russo-Japanese War, but the conflict was expressed again in the 1930s. The paper noted fishery and shipwreck of Hamgyeongbuk-do Province and the Maritime Province in 1936, right before the Sino-Japanese War. 1936 was just before the Sino-Japanese War, when the military conflict over the border peaked. The reason examining this period is because it show how Japan has unraveled its relations with Russia, which borders the Korean Peninsula. Russia claimed for the 12-mile limit of territorial waters, Japan claimed for the 3-mile limit of territorial waters, and the conflict on East Sea Rim fishery continued. Moreover, Japan caused the Manchurian Incident in 1931, and established Manchurian nation in 1932, escalating military conflict with Russia which was sharing the border. With more military facilities and soldiers deployed on a large scale along the border, Japan and Russia have devoted all its energy to gather intelligence on each other. During this period, there were frequent cases of fishing boats capture, and there were many cases in which the background of distress was suspicious. The problems of capture and distress of fishing boats in the 1930s were not just about fishery dispute, but about military intelligence gathering and vigilance between Japan and Russia.