19세기 후반 세인트존 함장과 실비아호의 조선 남서해안 탐사
Exploration of the Southwestern Coast of Korea by St. John and HMS Sylvia in the Second Half of the 19th century
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초록
18세기 말부터 많은 서양의 선박들이 탐사와 선교, 통상 등 다양한 목적으로 조선 해역을찾아왔고 항해 기록을 남겼다. 19세기 중반이 되면 철저한 조선의 쇄국정책에도 불구하고 동해와 남해, 황해, 제주도 등 조선의 모든 해역에 대한 서양 선박의 탐사가 일단락되었다고 할수 있다. 하지만 조선의 바다에서 영국 해군의 활동은 19세기 말까지 계속되었다. 1876년 개항을 앞두고 있던 조선을 찾아 전라도 인근 해역을 탐사한 영국 해군 소속의 헨리 크레이븐세인트존(Henry Craven St. John, 1837~1909) 함장 관련 기록을 중심으로 하여 19세기후반 영국 해군의 활동이 어떤 목적을 지녔는지를 살펴보고자 한다. 논문은 수년간 조선~중국~일본의 해역에서 활동한 세인트존 함장이 피력한 의견에 초점을 맞추어 동아시아에서 영국의 대외정책의 변화에 주목할 것이다.
Abstract
Starting from the end of the 18th century, many ships from the West visited the seas of Joseon for various purposes such as exploration, mission, and commerce, and the navigators left records of their voyages. By the mid-19th century, Western ships' explorations of the seas around Joseon, namely, the East Sea, the South Sea, and the Yellow Sea including Jeju Island, were completed despite Joseon's strict isolation policy. However, the British Navy's activities continued well into the latter part of the 19th century, as found in the record of Captain Henry Craven St. John(1837~1909). He explored the southwestern seas of Joseon including Heuksando around the time when Joseon began to open its ports to foreign countries. The paper examines the exploration of the southwestern sea and islands of Joseon by Captain St. John, who had been active in the waters of Joseon, China and Japan in the 1870’s. Based on his Notes and Sketches from the Wild Coasts of Nipon and related documents, the paper looks into the relation between his exploration activities and the change of Britain’s foreign policy in East Asia.
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